Evaluation of some Chemical Substances as Inducers forTomato Resistance Against Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

Abstract

The potency of the some chemicals from different groups known as inducers of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) viz., acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), DL-3aminobutyric acid (BABA), 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA), 5-chlorosalicylic acid (CSA), nitrosalicylic acid (NSA),salicylic acid (SA),ascorbic acid (AS), and selenium (SE) in reducing reproduction Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants cv. Castel rock was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Supplying chemicals three days-before nematode inoculation showed maximum efficacy in reducing nematode galls, egg-masses and eggs numbers followed by synchronized addition with inoculation, while post-inoculation treatment was less effective. Reiterative doses post-inoculation were improved the efficacy of single dose, also three doses used were more effective than one or two, while, differences between two or three doses were insignificant. On the other hand, plant fitness was slightly impaired with third dose than second one. INA and SE showed pronounced effect in inhibition nematode population after third dose compared with the rest chemicals, which showed mild increase in their efficacy from second to third doses. Unfortunately, three doses of SE were reduced plant fitness after enhanced by double doses, while INA was showed obvious phytotoxicity gradually increased by repeating doses. Gathering between the most effective application time (before inoculation) and the proper activated dose after inoculation was studies for emphasized their action and comparing with pre-inoculation only in suppressing M. incognita population. Chemical activators showed enhancing in peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities. In conclusion, CSA, NSA, BABA and SA were showed highest efficacy as resistance inducers. This collectively showed reduction of total population with pre-inoculation time application and pre plus post-inoculation application, 57.6&83.8%, 56.5&81.6%, 55.4&79.2% and 54.5&78.1%, respectively. Also the fecundity of nematode was taking similar trend as total population. The results suggest that tested chemicals especially CSA, NSA, BABA and SA have potential to suppress root-knot nematode infection in tomato plants through induced systemic resistance.

Monitoring of Systemic Resistance Induction in Tomato Against Meloidogyne incognita

“…Ascorbic acid followed the SA and DKP in reduction of number of galls and egg masses and females in tomato root system. Similar results [16], mentioned that as almost inter in the synthesis of mitochondrial hydroxyproline proteins which regulate the cyanide-resistant respiration and this will be in a large amount in resistant plants [17]. Current work showed that application of DKP to the root system inducer side reduced the nematode parameters in the receptor root parts.…”

“…In a previous study spry of salicylic acid achieved the highest reduction percentage of final number of root galls, egg-masses and nematode population of Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants under greenhouse conditions [32]. The pioneer effect of SA in providing a good growth of tomato plants may be revealed to the reduction in root-knot nematodes infestation and reproduction and inhibition of the penetration rate and/or the establishment of the feeding sites by the invading juveniles [16]. Induction of resistance in various crops by SA recorded; the mode of action may be depend on the induction of pathogenesis-related protein (PR protein) [33].…”

“…SA is not only involved in photosynthesis, bio-productivity, plant water relations, growth and various enzyme activities but also helps plants against various biotic and abiotic stresses [11]. Ascorbic acid, previously used for induction of plant resistance in plants [12] can control of different fungal diseases [13][14][15] and plant parasitic nematodes, such as root rot and Root-knot nematodes [16,17]. Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (DKP) presented many advantages in agriculture used not only preferable source of potassium and phosphorus but also may induce resistance against several plant pathogens [18].…”

Nematicidal Activity of Acetyl Salicylic Acid against Root-Knot Nematode on Tomato Plants.

“…In another study, Molinari (2008) found 45 mM SA solution as soil drench or 0.5-1 mM root dip significantly reduced Meloidogyne reproduction (by 20 to 25%). Soil drench of SA and ASA reduced M. incognita reproduction on tomato roots (Anter et al, 2014). Also, Mostafanezhad et al (2014a), found that soil drench and spraying tomatoes with SA significantly reduced the diameter of M. javanica galls, numbers of galls and egg masses.…”

Inducing Systemic Resistance against Root-knot Nematodes in Eggplant by Chemical and Organic Fertilizers and Antioxidant Substances

“…Natural nematicides, organic and inorganic amendments, biological control, and induced resistance have all been the subject of research (Oka et al, 2000). The purpose of resistance inducers or elicitors is to activate the plant's defense mechanisms through the use of certain chemicals or biotic agents (Baysal et al, 2003;Silva et al, 2004;Bonaldo et al, 2005, Dias-Arieira et al, 2012, and Anter et al, 2014. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) are two known means of developing plant resistance to pests and diseases.…”