Evaluation of Some Heavy Metal Contamination in Malva parviflora L. 
 Plant and Soil Obtained from Gardens of College of Agriculture-University of 
 Baghdad

Raheem, Zahraa Hasan; Jebor, Afrah Abd Alhussain; Mohammed, Suhayla K.

doi:10.3923/pjn.2014.310.313

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Furthermore, it was free from starch, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, lipids, steroids and heavy metals. Heavy metals have highly toxic and mutagenic effects even at a low concentrations, where lead, cadmium and chromium are the major cause of metallic toxicity [ 45 ]. Thus, MLM was subjected to elemental analysis using the atomic absorption spectroscopy technique.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malva parviflora Leaves Mucilage: An Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Biopolymer with Antioxidant Properties

et al. 2021

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Malva parviflora L. is an edible and medicinal herb containing mucilaginous cells in its leaves. Mucilage obtained from M. parviflora leaves (MLM) was extracted in distilled water (1:10 w/v) at 70 °C followed by precipitation with alcohol. Preliminary phytochemical tests were performed to assess the purity of the extracted mucilage. Results showed that the yield of mucilage was 7.50%, and it was free from starch, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, lipids and heavy metals. MLM had 16.19% carbohydrates, 13.55% proteins and 4.76% amino acids, which indicate its high nutritional value. Physicochemical investigations showed that MLM is neutral and water-soluble, having 5.84% moisture content, 15.60% ash content, 12.33 swelling index, 2.57 g/g water-holding capacity and 2.03 g/g oil-binding capacity. The functional properties, including emulsion capacity, emulsion stability, foaming capacity and stability increased with increased concentrations. Micromeritic properties, such as bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner ratio, and angle of repose, were found to be 0.69 g/cm3, 0.84 g/cm3, 17.86%, 1.22 and 28.5, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that MLM is an amorphous powder possessing particles of varying size and shape; meanwhile, rheological studies revealed the pseudoplastic behavior of MLM. The thermal transition process of MLM revealed by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram, occurring at a reasonable enthalpy change (∆H), reflects its good thermal stability. The presence of functional groups characteristic of polysaccharides was ascertained by the infrared (IR) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses. GC revealed the presence of five neutral monosaccharides; namely, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, glucose and mannose, showing 51.09, 10.24, 8.90, 1.80 and 0.90 mg/g of MLM, respectively. Meanwhile, galacturonic acid is the only detected acidic monosaccharide, forming 15.06 mg/g of MLM. It showed noticeable antioxidant activity against the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical with an IC50 value of 154.27 µg/mL. It also prevented oxidative damage to DNA caused by the Fenton reagent, as visualized in gel documentation system. The sun protection factor was found to be 10.93 ± 0.15 at 400 µg/mL. Thus, MLM can be used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry and as a therapeutic agent due to its unique properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malva parviflora Leaves Mucilage: An Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Biopolymer with Antioxidant Properties

et al. 2021

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“…Results showed that heavy metals did not exceed healthy limits. 197,198 Oil contamination removal Soil was contaminated with oil (0.1 and 0.5%) and was treated by the plant for oil removal. After 30 days, 88.5% of the oil was removed.…”

Section: Figure 6 Structures Of Malvalic and Sterculic Acids And Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malva: Food, Medicine and Chemistry

Azab¹

2017

ECB

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“…Metal accumulation in plant is a dynamic process influenced by combination of factors such as plant species, growth stage, soil properties, weather and environment (Mirecki, 2015). Dietary intake of pollutants through contaminated crop products leads to human diseases, disorders, malfunction and malformation of organs due to heavy metal toxicity (Raheem et al, 2014).To mitigate the adverse effects, regulatory bodies such as Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), World Health Organization (WHO), the European Union, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) continually provide guides for maximum permissible contents of heavy metals for various food chain products, (FAO/ WHO, 2011). In Kenya, the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) is the main regulator of the various food chain standards and is the National Codex Contact Point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal occurrence within urban agriculture practices in eastern zones of Nairobi city

Ng’ang’a,

Bosco,

Wasike

et al. 2023

jagst

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Urban agriculture although growing in importance, requires farmer practices to adapt to dynamics of urbanization having implication on quality of produce and public perception. The objective of this research was to assess heavy metal occurrence in inputs and food crops for urban farms in the eastern zone of Nairobi, determine differences in element uptake by crops and to examine influence of environmental quality of the surrounding spaces. A quasi research design approach was used to identify farm plots for field survey in three locations. Samples of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), arrowroots (Colocasia esculenta), and kales (Brassica oleraceae var. Acephala), water and soil samples were collected. Concentration of cadmium, manganese, zinc and lead were analysed using Atomic Absorption/Flame Emission Spectrophotometer. One way ANOVA was used to examine mean differences of heavy metals between locations and compare transfer factor (TF) index of the crops. Elements that were above allowable limits (mg/kg) in the crops were Cd (1.7 - 4.49), Mn (62.54 - 89.15), Pb (0.161 - 0.56) and Zn (0.44 - 4.95) in arrowroots; Cd (1.76 = 5.27) and Mn (3.65 = 26.86) in kales and Cd (1.17-3.51), in tomatoes. Cadmium content was highest in farm plots within Kasarani (2.44±0.86 mg/kg) and was significantly different from other two locations (p < 0.05, Tukey HSD test). Between the neighbourhood qualities, heavy metal contents were different but not significant (p > 0.05) between classes. The mean TF index for the heavy metals decreased in the order Cd>Pb>Zn>Mn. Transfer factor index of more than 1 for cadmium was observed in arrowroots, kales and tomatoes. Based on FAO/WHO standards, the measured heavy metal contents were high for health concern. Produce from areas designated as of low environmental quality, were not necessarily contaminated as perceived. Urban agriculture producers in Nairobi need technical risk reduction measures and legislative support to guarantee quality produce and valuable participation in the urban food system framework.

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Evaluation of Some Heavy Metal Contamination in Malva parviflora L. Plant and Soil Obtained from Gardens of College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Malva parviflora Leaves Mucilage: An Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Biopolymer with Antioxidant Properties

Malva parviflora Leaves Mucilage: An Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Biopolymer with Antioxidant Properties

Malva: Food, Medicine and Chemistry

Heavy metal occurrence within urban agriculture practices in eastern zones of Nairobi city

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