Evaluation of some intestinal cytokines genes expression and serum innate immune parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed dietary loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaf extract

Abstract

The aim of this study was to illustrate the effects of dietary loquat leaf extract (LLE) on the expression of some intestinal cytokines as well as serum innate immune parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. The fish were fed with experimental diets supplemented with 0 (control), 0.25% (0.25LLE), 0.5% (0.5LLE) and 1% (1LLE) LLE over a 7-week period. At the end of the trial, the serum lysozyme (Lys) activity, ACH50, total Ig as well as the expression of IL1B, IL8, TNF-alpha, LYZ and TGF-b in intestine were evaluated. The results showed that administration of 0.5% or 1% LLE significantly increased serum total Ig. However, in case of serum Lys activity significant elevation was observed just in fish fed 0.5% LLE. Also, supplementation of diet with LLE significantly increased ACH50 compared to the control group, regardless of inclusion levels. Gene expression studies revealed upregulation of TNF-alpha, IL1B, IL8 and LYZ in intestine of fish fed LLE. However, the effects varied dependent on LLE levels and the tested immune related gene.Also, in case of TGF-b significant downregulation was observed just in 1% LLE treatment. In conclusion, dietary LLE supplementation significantly upregulated immune related genes in intestine and improves innate immune responses. Altogether, LLE can be recommended as fish immunostimulant in early stage of carp culture.

Effect of dietary eucalyptol on stress markers, enzyme activities and immune indicators in serum and haematological characteristics of common carp (Cyprinus carpio ) exposed to toxic concentration of ambient copper

“…Before copper challenge, eucalyptol administration significantly increased serum proteins, total Ig and lysozyme, suggesting immunostimulation property of eucalyptol. There is no report on the effects of eucalyptol on fish immune function; however, the results are similar to those obtain in other studies on various phytochemicals such as Eriobotrya japonica (Hoseinifar et al, ), Spirulina platensis (Abdel‐Tawwab & Ahmad, ; Adel, Yeganeh, Dadar, Sakai, & Dawood, ) and Toona sinensis (Wu et al, ). On the other hand, eucalyptol mitigated the decrease in blood WBC, and serum lysozyme, ACH50 and total Ig after copper exposure.…”

“…It is hardy species resisting low oxygen and wide temperature range (Mazandarani, Hoseini, & Dehghani Ghomshani, ). Thus, this species has been the subject of many researches including studies on its nutrition (Hoseinifar et al, ; Hoseinifar, Soleimani, & Ringø, ), stress responses (Hosseini & Hoseini, ), toxicant exposure (Hedayati, Hoseini, & Hoseinifar, ; Hoseini, Hedayati, et al, ; Mazandarani & Hoseini, ) and immunological responses (Hoseinifar et al, ; Hoseinifar, Khodadadian Zou, Van Doan, Kolangi Miandare, & Hoseini, ).…”

Growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fedThymus vulgarisessential oils

“…Such an enhancement in this cytokine gene expression could lead to an increase in fish resistance against bacterial infections as we also found significantly higher survival in trout fed thyme oils compared to control fish, after fish being challenged with A. hydrophila . Different studies using other medicinal herbs/plants such as Ferula ( Ferula assafoetida ) (Safari, Hoseinifar, Nejadmoghadam, & Jafar, ) and loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica ) leaf extract (Hoseinifar, Khodadadian, Doan, Kolangi, & Hoseini, ) illustrated an increase in expression of some immune related genens such as IL‐1β, IL‐8 in common carp, but to our knowledge no data available regarding the effect of thyme oils on IL‐1β expression in trout. Also, the immune genes of C3 and CD4 in all treated trout were significantly upregulated during 2 months trail, but their regulation was higher in fish fed higher dosage of thyme oils.…”

Dietary 1,8‐cinoele affects serum enzymatic activities and immunological characteristics in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) exposed to ambient ammonia

“…0.1% and 0.5% dietary cineole increased serum ACH50 activity and total Ig levels, suggesting immune stimulation by cineole administration. Similarly, essential oil/extract of Eriobotrya japonica (Hoseinifar, Khodadadian Zou, Van Doan, Kolangi Miandare, & Hoseini, ) and Toona sinensis (Wu et al, ), and eucalyptol (Hoseini, Hoseinifar, et al, ) significantly improved serum ACH50 activity and total Ig levels in different species. Lysozyme activity of the treatment 0.5C was significantly higher than the other treatments before ammonia challenge.…”