Evaluation of some side effects from the use of formaldehyde scavengers

Vail, Sidney L.; Beck, Keith R.

doi:10.1002/app.1990.070390603

J of Applied Polymer Sci

1990

DOI: 10.1002/app.1990.070390603

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Evaluation of some side effects from the use of formaldehyde scavengers

Sidney L. Vail

Keith R. Beck

Abstract: SynopsisConcentrations of methylol carbamates in several crosslinking formulations prepared from methyl carbamate and formaldehyde and with and without urea or ethyleneurea as scavengers were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The scavengers were effective in reducing the free formaldehyde in the solution, but the dimethylol methyl carbamate concentration was reduced by about 25%. Selected chemical and physical properties were obtained from cotton fabrics finished with five different formul… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications

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Efficient Non‐Catalytic Carboxylation of Diamines to Cyclic Ureas Using 2‐Pyrrolidone as a Solvent and a Promoter

Hwang

Han

et al. 2018

Adv Synth Catal

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Carboxylation reactions of diamines were found to proceed rapidly and non-catalytically, producing corresponding cyclic ureas in excellent yields and selectivities when 2-pyrrolidone (2-PY) was used as a solvent. A similar promoting effect with 2-PY was also observed for the carboxylation of monoamines by carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Most notably, the carboxylation reactions of mono-and diamines conducted in 2-PY afforded 2-4 times higher yields of corresponding dialkyl ureas and cyclic ureas compared with those in Nmethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Such a dramatic promoting effect using 2-PY is believed to be associated with the multiple hydrogen bonding interactions between 2-PY and the CO 2 -containing species of amines. Due to such favorable interactions, carboxylation reactions seem to be more facilitated in 2-PY than in NMP.

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Efficient Non‐Catalytic Carboxylation of Diamines to Cyclic Ureas Using 2‐Pyrrolidone as a Solvent and a Promoter

Hwang

Han

et al. 2018

Adv Synth Catal

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Effect of Bio‐Scavengers on the Curing Behavior and Bonding Properties of Melamine‐Formaldehyde Resins

Kim

et al. 2006

Macro Materials & Eng

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Summary: The effects of bio‐scavengers on the formaldehyde emission, bonding strength, curing behavior, and thermal decomposition properties of MF resins for engineered flooring and adhesion for wood were investigated. Four varieties of bio‐scavengers, tannin powder, wheat flour, rice husk flour, and charcoal, were added to MF resin at 5 wt.‐%. To determine formaldehyde emission and bonding strength, we manufactured engineered floorings. MF‐charcoal was most effective in reducing formaldehyde emission because of its porous nature, but its bonding strength was decreased. Tannin powder and wheat flour, which contain more hydroxyl groups, showed higher bonding strength and curing degree than pure MF resin did. Although the hydroxyl groups of the bio‐scavengers were effective in reducing formaldehyde emission and improve bonding strength and curing degree, rice husk flour and charcoal behaved like inorganic substances, thereby disturbing the adhesion between MF resin and wood and thus reducing the bonding strength. In thermogravimetric analysis, MF‐tannin showed the highest thermal stability in the low‐temperature range from 100 to 300 °C.Storage modulus (E′) of MF resin with various bio‐scavengers at a heating rate of 10 °C · min−1.magnified imageStorage modulus (E′) of MF resin with various bio‐scavengers at a heating rate of 10 °C · min−1.

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Reducing formaldehyde emission of urea formaldehyde-bonded particleboard by addition of amines as formaldehyde scavenger

Ghani

Zaidon

Bawon

et al. 2018

Building and Environment

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Particleboard is one of the building materials that contribute to the emittance of formaldehyde in enclosed area. In order to reduce the formaldehyde emission from particleboard, amines were added into the urea formaldehyde (UF) resin as formaldehyde scavenger. The amines used were methylamine, ethylamine and propylamine. 0.5, 0.7 and 1% of each type of amine were added into UF resin and the mixtures were used to produce particleboard from rubberwood particles. The properties of the UF resin after addition of amines such as gelation time, viscosity, pH, free formaldehyde content and thermal stability were evaluated. The physical, mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of the produced boards were also assessed. The results revealed that fully cured amine-containing UF resin possesses higher thermal stability compared to control UF resin. Amine-containing UF resin also had longer gelation time due to higher pH value. Nevertheless, both physical and mechanical properties of the resultant particleboard were negatively affected. Particleboard made from aminecontaining UF resin had higher thickness swelling and water absorption. In addition, lower bending strength and internal bonding strength were also recorded. Insufficient pressing time for fully cured of resin might be the reason for such phenomenon. Particleboard with F*** emission level (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5 mg/L) as specified in Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) or European's E0 class equivalent were achieved when ethylamine and propylamine were added, regardless of dosage used. This study showed the feasibility of using amines as formaldehyde scavenger. However, optimisation of processing parameters is needed to enhance the physicomechanical properties of the particleboard.

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Evaluation of some side effects from the use of formaldehyde scavengers

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Efficient Non‐Catalytic Carboxylation of Diamines to Cyclic Ureas Using 2‐Pyrrolidone as a Solvent and a Promoter

Efficient Non‐Catalytic Carboxylation of Diamines to Cyclic Ureas Using 2‐Pyrrolidone as a Solvent and a Promoter

Effect of Bio‐Scavengers on the Curing Behavior and Bonding Properties of Melamine‐Formaldehyde Resins

Reducing formaldehyde emission of urea formaldehyde-bonded particleboard by addition of amines as formaldehyde scavenger

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