Evaluation of spatial distribution and characterization of wall shear stress in carotid sinus based on two-dimensional color Doppler imaging

Abstract

ObjectiveThis study aims to use a wall shear stress (WSS) quantitative analysis software to analyze and evaluate the carotid sinus WSS spatial distribution and characteristics in intima-media thickness (IMT) normal and thickening group by using two-dimensional color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) so as to assist clinicians to predict the location and risk of plaque formation.MethodsAccording to IMT, 50 subjects was selected as IMT thickening group and 50 subjects as IMT normal group from subjects who had a carotid ultrasound examination in Shanghai East hospital during October 2016 to October 2017. This study presents the spatial distribution of the carotid sinus WSS based on the WSS quantitative analysis software and compared the spatial distribution and characteristics of the carotid sinus WSS between IMT thickening group and IMT normal group through two- and three-dimensional WSS maps and a fused WSS image.ResultsThe distributional regularity of WSS in both two group was: carotid sinus < common carotid artery (CCA) < internal carotid artery (ICA) and posterior-interior wall of the carotid sinus < the anterior-lateral wall of the carotid sinus. Furthermore, the WSS of CCA, ICA, the anterior-lateral proximal wall of the carotid sinus, the anterior-lateral distal wall of the carotid sinus, the posterior-interior proximal wall of the carotid sinus, and the posterior-interior distal wall of the carotid sinus in IMT thickening group was lower than the corresponding part of IMT normal group (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn summary, this WSS quantitative analysis framework by two-dimensional CDFI can measure and reflect the carotid sinus WSS spatial distribution and characteristics more accurately and visually. As a convenient tool, it may be used for clinical prediction of the plaque formation in carotid sinus in the future.

Characteristics and Correlations of Wall Shear Stress and Flow Turbulence in the Carotid Bifurcation Evaluated Using an Ultrasound Vector Flow Imaging

“…The mean WSS of all the included volunteers was 0.84 Pa, and the anterior wall < posterior wall at all the three segments (p < 0.05 in IICA and p < 0.001 in DCCA). This result was consistent with previous study which proved that WSS of anteriorlateral wall of carotid sinus < WSS of posterior-interior wall both in normal and IMT thickening groups, with a WSS quantitative analysis software based on CDFI [30]. The possible explanation might be that WSS of CA bifurcation altered when blood flow shunting into ICA and ECA.…”

“…They concluded that V Flow imaging was more powerful in the assessment of complex flow patterns, whereas WSS measurement was not performed in their study. Zhang et al [30] evaluated the WSS in carotid sinus with 2-D CDFI, while the post-processing procedure was inconvenient and the velocity direction for potential non-laminar flow cannot be determined by CDFI, which may lead to inaccurate WSS measurement. In our study, WSS value can be directly calculated by adjusting the reference line parallel to the vessel wall using V Flow function.…”

Biomechanical Forces and Atherosclerosis: From Mechanism to Diagnosis and Treatment

“…Methods based on the use of duplex ultrasound scanning of blood vessels, allowing to determine the blood flow velocity, an diameter of the vessel, and, consequently, WSR [ 57 - 59 ]. According to Hagen-Poiseuille law, WSS can be calculated after measuring blood viscosity;…”

The Rheology of the Carotid Sinus: A Path Toward Bioinspired Intervention

“…Extracting data from simulations has also led to parameters previously only available from Doppler data (Gates et al, 2018;Zhang B. et al, 2018). In the work by Zhang B. et al (2018), they obtained ultrasounds of two groups of fifty patients. One group had "normal" intimal-media thickness ratios and the other was "thickened."…”

“…Extracting data from simulations has also led to parameters previously only available from Doppler data ( Gates et al, 2018 ; Zhang B. et al, 2018 ). In the work by Zhang B. et al (2018) , they obtained ultrasounds of two groups of fifty patients. One group had “normal” intimal-media thickness ratios and the other was “thickened.” By taking dimensional measurements in and around the carotid sinus, they used conventional Doppler data to calculate values previously only available in a simulated setting: blood viscosity, WSS, and velocity gradients within the carotid sinus.…”