Evaluation of state of resilience for a critical infrastructure in a context of interdependencies

Urban resilience implementation: A policy challenge and research agenda for the 21st century

“…Several indices and frameworks have been developed to measure resilience based on a system's ability to cope with an event, and vulnerabilities that undermine this capability (Bene et al., ). Scholars have also proposed frameworks and tools to enable decision‐makers and practitioners to better grasp complex aspects of resilience such as social capital (Aldrich, ,b; Aldrich & Meyer, ) and the interdependence of critical infrastructures (Hémond & Robert, ). Despite the availability of these tools, practitioners emphasise the difficulty in using them strategically and regularly in their organisation to concretely develop resilience.…”

Simulation-based characterisation of critical infrastructure system resilience

“…Resilience is a broad and multifaceted concept, and several researchers are currently working to capture its core elements and properties to arrive at a possible quantification and assessment approach (ANL, 2010;Fisher & Norman, 2010;Francis & Bekera, 2014;Hémond & Robert, 2012;Ouyang & Dueñas-Osorio, 2012;Rosenkrantz et al, 2009;Solano, 2010;Tierney & Bruneau, 2007). However, no common definition of resilience or a standardised method of measurement currently exists.…”

“…From our point of view, redundancy is a method for reducing vulnerability and is a component of robustness (together with reliability of infrastructures/components or prevention activities). However, on a higher level, adaptability (Figure 2 The consequence-based approach to assessing system criticality is considered by several authors as adequate for evaluating and measuring the state of resilience for a CI operating in a context of interdependencies (Egan, 2007;Hémond & Robert, 2012;Robert et al, 2007). Criticality is related to the importance of the facility to a system and its environment if considering a generic disruption event and the impact of the loss of that facility (Fisher & Norman, 2010).…”

Emerging Risks: Methodology, Classification and Policy Implications

“…Modern societies are characterized by an increasing vulnerability that will make system breakouts more probable, and awareness of the counter-movements has increased since the 11 th September attack. There is now a competition race to improve resilience of all kinds of systems (Hémond and Robert, 2012;Gallopin, 2006) 14 . For example the US Defence Department has protected its system by creating isolated islands where sensitive information is physically disconnected from the system rather than using firewalls for protection.…”