Evaluation of Status of Heavy Metals Pollution of Sediments in Qua-Iboe River Estuary and Associated Creeks, South-Eastern Nigeria

Uwah, I. E.; Dan, Solomon Felix; Etiuma, Rebecca A.; Umoh, Unyime E.

doi:10.5539/ep.v2n4p110

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Comparable values of EF for Ni and Cr have also been mentioned in [50]. Sewage waste, which contains various species of bacteria, can also support the partitioning of Cd metal between water and sediments [51]. The higher EF for arsenic in sediments is indicative of the use of pesticides in agricultural land and geogenic sources of contamination.…”

Section: Enrichment Factor (Ef)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals Contamination and Ecological Risk Assessment in Surface Sediments of Namal Lake, Pakistan

Javed¹,

Ahmad²,

Mashiatullah³

2018

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Heavy metals pollution is a worldwide problem that has grown during the past few decades because of their toxicity, extensive sources, non-biodegradable characteristics, and accumulative behaviors in aquatic environments [1][2][3]. These metals are identified as a significant indicator for degradation of aquatic environments. Enormous quantities of metals are being released into the environment both from anthropogenicrelated processes and natural sources through direct discharge into water or indirectly through stormwater runoff, domestic effluents, fossil fuel combustion, and atmospheric depositions [4]. Heavy metals ultimately Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 27, No. 2 (2018), 675-688 Original Research Heavy Metals Contamination and Ecological Risk AbstractHeavy metal concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in surface sediments of Namal Lake, Pakistan. The metals content in sediment varied significantly and were in the order of Al>Fe>Mn>V>Zn>Cr>Ni>Cu>As>Co>Pb>Cd. Except for Al, the average concentrations of metals were higher than the average value of the upper continental crust (UCC). The significant positive correlations among heavy metals (p<0.01) suggested that these metals originated from the same sources. The pollution indices indicated severe contamination of sediments with As, Cd, and Ni. The sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) revealed that 19.2% of As, 11.5% of Cr, and 88.5% of Ni from all the sampling sites exceeded the probable effect level (PEL). The computed average risk index (RI) of single elements were in the following order Cd(411.9)>As(69.0)>Ni(15.4)>Cu(10.0)>Cr(4.3)> Pb(3.66)>Zn(1.7). Principle component analysis (PCA) extracted three components explaining (76.136%) of total variance of chemical data and were highly to moderately loaded with Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Al, As, Cd, Ni, V, Cr, TOC, pH, CaCO 3 , and Pb in three principal components (PCs). The results obtained from cluster analysis, correlation of heavy metals, and principal component analysis suggested the origin of metals from both anthropogenic and natural sources.

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Section: Enrichment Factor (Ef)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals Contamination and Ecological Risk Assessment in Surface Sediments of Namal Lake, Pakistan

Javed¹,

Ahmad²,

Mashiatullah³

2018

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…Moreover, these sediments act as sinks, and may in turn act as sources of heavy metals [1]. Thus, heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems has been recently extensively investigated to effectively manage these ecosystems by measuring their concentration in water, sediments and fish [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals Pollution Level in Water, Fish and Sediments from the Logone River Within Moundou City (Chad)

Tchoroun¹

2015

IJEMA

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The evaluation of metal pollution level of Logone River at Moundou (Chad) was done by measuring the amount of Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The water, sediments and fish samples were collected around the river at 4 sites and the concentrations were determined by spectrophotometric UV-Visible analyses. The results obtained showed that iron (Fe) had the highest concentration in water with average of 0.77±0.03mg/L followed by Mn (0.13±0.01 mg/L). In contrast, in the sediments Mn had a highest concentration followed by Fe with an average content of 33.17±0.04mg/kg and 7.61±0.02mg/kg respectively. In both cases, Cd had the lowest concentration of 0.52±0.03µg/kg and 0.43±0.02µg/L in the sediment and water respectively. The lowest values of enrichment factor (0-0.88) and average contamination indexes (0.74 to 0.88) indicates that the sediment are not polluted by As, Cd, Cr and Pb. However, Mn is highly found in sediment with an EF of 76.88% and 100% at AM and COT sampling site respectively at which suggest the origin of this heavy metal by Coton tchad activities. The values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Cd, Cr, Fe and Mn proved that the fishes are under bioaccumulation step. This study proved that the various waste generated by industries (CotonTchad and Brewery of Chad) and agriculture practices at Moundou affect significantly the quality of Logone River ecosystem.

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“…Enrichment factor is a measure which gives the relative abundance of a contaminant over background values (Uwah et al, 2013). To identify the anomalous metal contamination, chemical normalization of the heavy metal concentration data to a conservative element Fe was employed since Fe is the only element occurring mostly from lithogenic source from this area.…”

Section: Enrichment Factor (Ef)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pollution of surface water bodies, especially with heavy metals, has gained a global concerned over the industrial age (Uwah et al, 2013). This is because the primary producers which are the building block of the marine food web inhabit the photic zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of enrichment and contamination of heavy metals in the surface water of Qua Iboe River Estuary and adjoining creeks, South-South Nigeria

Dan¹,

Umoh²,

Osabor³

2014

J. Oceanogr. Mar. Sci.

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The wet season mean concentration of heavy metals were higher than the dry season. Concentration data were processed using Pearson correlation matrix to identify the inter-relationships between physicochemical parameters as well as the sources of heavy metals. The results showed that salinity, pH and temperature among others played a significant role in the adsorption/desorption and dissolution of heavy metals in the surface water. The Enrichment factor (EF) calculated during the wet season in surface water ranged from 0.2 to 2.9 while the EF calculated during the dry season ranged from 0.2 to 1.9. During wet season, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn showed minor surface enrichments while Cr and Ni showed no enrichment. During dry season, Cd, Fe and Zn were moderately enriched in surface water while Cr, Cu, Pb and Ni were not enriched. Surface enrichment was attributed to atmospheric deposition, released of sediment bound metals to the surface, dissolution/erosion of coastal sediments as well as anthropogenic input. The computed degree of contamination indicated that the river system was moderately contaminated during dry season but highly contaminated during wet season. The implication is that during flooding which is consequent upon climate change, there will be higher degree of contamination of Qua Iboe River estuary and adjoining creeks.

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Evaluation of Status of Heavy Metals Pollution of Sediments in Qua-Iboe River Estuary and Associated Creeks, South-Eastern Nigeria

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Heavy Metals Contamination and Ecological Risk Assessment in Surface Sediments of Namal Lake, Pakistan

Heavy Metals Contamination and Ecological Risk Assessment in Surface Sediments of Namal Lake, Pakistan

Heavy Metals Pollution Level in Water, Fish and Sediments from the Logone River Within Moundou City (Chad)

Seasonal variation of enrichment and contamination of heavy metals in the surface water of Qua Iboe River Estuary and adjoining creeks, South-South Nigeria

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