Evaluation of stereoacuity with a digital mobile application

Abstract

Purpose Stereopsis is a fundamental skill in human vision and visual actions. There are many ways to test and quantify stereoacuity: traditional paper and new digital applications are both valid ways to test the stereoacuity. The aim of this study is to compare the results obtained using standard tests and the new Stereoacuity Test App developed by the University of Bergamo. Methods A group of 497 children (272 males), aged between 6 and 11 years old, were tested using different tests for the quantification of stereopsis at near. These tests were TNO, Weiss EKW, and the new developed Stereoacuity Test App. Results A one-way repeated measure ANOVA showed that the three tests give different thresholds of stereoacuity (p < 0.0001). Post hoc analyses with Bonferroni correction showed that all tests showed different thresholds (p < 0.0001). The lower threshold was obtained by Titmus Stereo Test followed by Stereoacuity App, Weiss MKW, and TNO. Conclusion The stereoacuity based on global stereopsis showed that the better values were obtained in order by Stereoacuity Test App, TNO, and Weiss EKW. However, the clinical significance of their values is similar. The new digital test showed a greater compliance by the child, showing itself in tune with the digital characteristics of today’s children.

Percentile curves of stereacuity in a Spanish paediatric population

“…The use of electronic devices or mobile applications is increasing, as well as its comparison with more conventional tests. Bonfati et al 13 carried out a study in which several stereoacuity tests which were performed using the SAT mobile app were compared. This mobile application is available for Android and it determines stereoscopic visual acuity by observing random dot patterns.…”

Evaluation of Algorithms to Measure a Psychophysical Threshold Using Digital Applications

“…The last scenario starts from Scenario 1 and it considers the decreasing of the level of attention. During the screening performed to measure the stereoacuity presented in [3], we have noticed that after around 8 steps of the test, the users were annoying and their level of attention decreased. To simulate this situation, after 8 steps, we have increased the probability of giving a WRONG answer.…”

A comparative study of stereopsis measurements: analyzing natural conditions versus dichoptic presentation using smartphones and ultraviolet printer technology

“…In this situation, the visual stimuli observed by the right eye are inaccessible to the left eye and vice versa . This condition can be implemented through the utilization of polarized glasses ( Read & Bohr, 2014 ), as exemplified in the Titmus Fly Test; red and green glasses ( Bonfanti et al, 2021 ), such as in the TNO Stereotest; or via the employment of naked eye 3D technology, as demonstrated in the Lang Stereotest.…”