Evaluation of Sterilisation Techniques for Regenerative Medicine Scaffolds Fabricated with Polyurethane Nonbiodegradable and Bioabsorbable Nanocomposite Materials
Abstract:An effective sterilisation technique that maintains structure integrity, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility is essential for the translation of new biomaterials to the clinical setting. We aimed to establish an effective sterilisation technique for a biodegradable (POSS-PCL) and nonbiodegradable (POSS-PCU) nanocomposite scaffold that maintains stem cell biocompatibility. Scaffolds were sterilised using 70% ethanol, ultraviolet radiation, bleach, antibiotic/antimycotic, ethylene oxide, gamma irradiatio… Show more
“…Since no new absorption peaks are visible in the spectra of the differently treated scaffolds, it can be concluded that no new chemical bond is formed between the growth factor or ascorbic acid and the polymer, even in the UV sterilized scaffolds, so the individual components were not chemically modified. In other studies, it was also observed that UV sterilization did not lead to visible changes in the FTIR spectra of other types of materials/scaffolds, like PLA 28 , polyurethanes 29 or PLGA 30 .Figure 1FTIR and DSC characterization of differently stored and UV sterilized bioactive DP scaffolds. ( A ) FTIR absorbance spectra for bioactive DP scaffolds incorporating PDGF-BB or ascorbic acid, with or without UV sterilization.…”
To effectively translate bioactive scaffolds into a preclinical setting, proper sterilization techniques and storage conditions need to be carefully considered, as the chosen sterilization technique and storage condition might affect the structural and mechanical properties of the scaffolds, as well as the bioactivity and release kinetics of the incorporated biomolecules. Since rarely tested or quantified, we show here in a proof-of-concept study how these parameters are affected by UV sterilization and one week storage at different temperatures using bioactive electrospun DegraPol scaffolds that were specifically designed for application in the field of tendon rupture repair. Even though UV sterilization and the different storage conditions did not impact the morphology or the physicochemical properties of the bioactive scaffolds, UV sterilization caused significant attenuation of the growth factor release kinetics, here platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) release (by approx. 85%) and slight decrease in ascorbic acid release (by approx. 20%). In contrast, 4â°C and â20â°C storage did not have a major effect on the release kinetics of PDGF-BB, while storage at room temperature caused increase in PDGF-BB released. All storage conditions had little effect on ascorbic acid release. Equally important, neither UV sterilization nor storage affected the bioactivity of the released PDGF-BB, suggesting stability of the bioactive scaffolds for at least one week and showing potential for bioactive DegraPol scaffolds to be translated into an off-the-shelf available product. These parameters are expected to be scaffold and protein-dependent.
“…Since no new absorption peaks are visible in the spectra of the differently treated scaffolds, it can be concluded that no new chemical bond is formed between the growth factor or ascorbic acid and the polymer, even in the UV sterilized scaffolds, so the individual components were not chemically modified. In other studies, it was also observed that UV sterilization did not lead to visible changes in the FTIR spectra of other types of materials/scaffolds, like PLA 28 , polyurethanes 29 or PLGA 30 .Figure 1FTIR and DSC characterization of differently stored and UV sterilized bioactive DP scaffolds. ( A ) FTIR absorbance spectra for bioactive DP scaffolds incorporating PDGF-BB or ascorbic acid, with or without UV sterilization.…”
To effectively translate bioactive scaffolds into a preclinical setting, proper sterilization techniques and storage conditions need to be carefully considered, as the chosen sterilization technique and storage condition might affect the structural and mechanical properties of the scaffolds, as well as the bioactivity and release kinetics of the incorporated biomolecules. Since rarely tested or quantified, we show here in a proof-of-concept study how these parameters are affected by UV sterilization and one week storage at different temperatures using bioactive electrospun DegraPol scaffolds that were specifically designed for application in the field of tendon rupture repair. Even though UV sterilization and the different storage conditions did not impact the morphology or the physicochemical properties of the bioactive scaffolds, UV sterilization caused significant attenuation of the growth factor release kinetics, here platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) release (by approx. 85%) and slight decrease in ascorbic acid release (by approx. 20%). In contrast, 4â°C and â20â°C storage did not have a major effect on the release kinetics of PDGF-BB, while storage at room temperature caused increase in PDGF-BB released. All storage conditions had little effect on ascorbic acid release. Equally important, neither UV sterilization nor storage affected the bioactivity of the released PDGF-BB, suggesting stability of the bioactive scaffolds for at least one week and showing potential for bioactive DegraPol scaffolds to be translated into an off-the-shelf available product. These parameters are expected to be scaffold and protein-dependent.
“…TE scaffolds should be free of contamination by living organisms such as bacteria and viruses for in vitro and in vivo tests and also for implantation to the human body. There are various methods used for this purpose, such as treatments with heat ( Fleith et al, 2005 ; Yoganarasimha et al, 2014 ), gamma irradiation ( Fleith et al, 2005 ), UV ( Andrews et al, 2007 ), plasma ( Poncin-Epaillard and Legeay, 2003 ; Griffin et al, 2018 ), ethylene oxide ( Andrews et al, 2007 ; Yoganarasimha et al, 2014 ), ethanol ( Griffin et al, 2018 ), and peracetic acid ( Yoganarasimha et al, 2014 ). As the efficiency of the methods in terms of the degree of removal/inactivation of microorganism varies, it might be appropriate to clarify the difference between the terms of disinfection and sterilisation.…”
Section: Development Of the Emulsion Templated Scaffoldsmentioning
Tissue engineering (TE) aims to regenerate critical size defects, which cannot heal naturally, by using highly porous matrices called TE scaffolds made of biocompatible and biodegradable materials. There are various manufacturing techniques commonly used to fabricate TE scaffolds. However, in most cases, they do not provide materials with a highly interconnected pore design. Thus, emulsion templating is a promising and convenient route for the fabrication of matrices with up to 99% porosity and high interconnectivity. These matrices have been used for various application areas for decades. Although this polymer structuring technique is older than TE itself, the use of polymerised internal phase emulsions (PolyHIPEs) in TE is relatively new compared to other scaffold manufacturing techniques. It is likely because it requires a multidisciplinary background including materials science, chemistry and TE although producing emulsion templated scaffolds is practically simple. To date, a number of excellent reviews on emulsion templating have been published by the pioneers in this field in order to explain the chemistry behind this technique and potential areas of use of the emulsion templated structures. This particular review focusses on the key points of how emulsion templated scaffolds can be fabricated for different TE applications. Accordingly, we first explain the basics of emulsion templating and characteristics of PolyHIPE scaffolds. Then, we discuss the role of each ingredient in the emulsion and the impact of the compositional changes and process conditions on the characteristics of PolyHIPEs. Afterward, current fabrication methods of biocompatible PolyHIPE scaffolds and polymerisation routes are detailed, and the functionalisation strategies that can be used to improve the biological activity of PolyHIPE scaffolds are discussed. Finally, the applications of PolyHIPEs on soft and hard TE as well as in vitro models and drug delivery in the literature are summarised.
“…One highly tested synthetic polymer for adipose regeneration is Poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), a biocompatible and biodegradable FDA approved polymer for medical devices [3]. Our group have modified PCL with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles to improve its hydrophobicity and inertness to form a nanocomposite polymer called POSS-PCL [4][5][6][7]. We have shown that POSS-PCL can support cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation acting as an effective scaffold to support cell survival [4][5][6][7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our group have modified PCL with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles to improve its hydrophobicity and inertness to form a nanocomposite polymer called POSS-PCL [4][5][6][7]. We have shown that POSS-PCL can support cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation acting as an effective scaffold to support cell survival [4][5][6][7]. However, a successful biodegradable scaffold for adipose tissue engineering must integrate with the surrounding host tissue by integrating by laying down extracellular matrix and angiogenesis without causing an immune response or capsule formation to degrade effectively with time.…”
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citationsâcitations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
