Evaluation of sticky trap colour for thrips (Thysanoptera) monitoring in pea crops (Pisum sativum L.)

Abstract

We compared the effectiveness of three different trap colours (blue, yellow and white) to identify the optimal trap colour for the monitoring of the thrips Frankliniella intonsa, Thrips tabaci, Thrips fuscipennis and Aeolothrips intermedius in the three pea cultivars, namely Polar, Izolda and Tarchalska. The number of captured thrips specimens was significantly affected by trap colour, pea cultivar and interaction between these factors. The two most attractive trap base colours for thrips were blue (peak at 450 nm) and yellow (peak at 550 nm). Irrespective of the pea cultivar, most F. intonsa were captured on the blue and yellow traps. Blue traps were the most attractive to T. fuscipennis and T. tabaci, followed by yellow and white ones, and yellow traps were most attractive to A. intermedius. More thrips were caught on the traps located in the plots with cultivars characterised by a longer growing season Tarchalska and Izolda, which were inhabited by large numbers of thrips. There was a significant interaction effect between trap colour and pea cultivar on the number of caught F. intonsa and T. fuscipennis in both years and for T. tabaci in 2010. Overall, among the tested trap colours, blue traps were the most effective ones for monitoring thrips in pea fields and could be used as an early detection tool. Yellow traps may be risky because they reduce population densities of the predaceous A. intermedius in pea fields, thus leading to an increase in pest numbers.

Thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with onion (Allium cepa L.) and Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.)

“…The appearance of this predatory thrips species was noticed on A. fistulosum in Ljubljana (Trdan et al, 2005). In turn, Ábrahám (2012) observed about 9% of this taxon on alfalfa, and Pobożniak et al (2020) registered about 8.6% on peas, with the first maximum appearance during the flowering and the second during forming pods phases, when the number of potential victim, onion thrips, was the highest. The occurrence of A. intermedius in the flowers of many plants may be due to the fact that pollen can be used as an alternative source of food by this species (Trdan et al, 2005;Conti, 2009).…”

“…The species T. tabaci is a major pest and predominant on onion fields in Europe (Hudák and Pénzes, 2004;Diaz-Montano et al, 2011;Gill et al, 2015;Pobożniak et al, 2016), the United States (Macintyre-Allen et al, 2005, Smith et al, 2016, Asia (Pandey et al, 2011;Reitz et al, 2011;Li et al, 2014), Australia (Herron et al, 2008), New Zealand (Martin et al, 2006) and Africa (Maniania et al, 2003). In addition to onion, onion thrips may attack garlic and leek (Afifi and Haydar, 1990;Theunissen and Schelling, 1998;Duchovskienė, 2006;Akhtari et al, 2014) and other vegetables, such as cauliflower, cabbage, pea, cucumber and carrot (Farrugia, 1997;Pourian et al, 2009;Li et al, 2014, Pobożniak et al, 2020Silva et al, 2020). Notably, the extent and frequency by which onion thrips damage crops vary across plant species, but onion is its preferred host and the most damaged crop.…”

“…However, despite its presence, the numbers of herbivorous onion thrips were so high that they caused damage to the onion leaves. Also, Pobożniak et al (2020) and Ábrahám (2008) noted that the number of A. intermedius was insufficient to reduce the population of phytophagous thrips in pea and soybean. Other species associated with flowers (Thrips flavus, Thrips fuscipenis, Haplothrips leucantemi and Haplothrips niger) and mainly with grasses (Chirothrips hamatus, Chirothrips manicatus and Haplothrips aculeatus) were observed on A. cepa and A. fistulosum in a small numbers.…”

“…Similarly, Pandey et al (2011) reported that onion thrips damaged 90% of the onion crop in India and >50% in the United States (Boateng, 2012). It is also one of the major limiting factors affecting yields of leek (Kucharczyk and Legutowska, 2002), cabbage (Fail and Pénzes, 2004;Trdan et al, 2008a), tomato, pepper, cucumber (Riefler and Koschier, 2009;Ssemwogerere et al, 2013) and peas (Pobożniak et al, 2020). The high potential for a rapid population increase of T. tabaci on onion crops is because of a result of their complex lifestyle with a high reproductive rate, a short generation time, a high survival of non-feeding instars (prepupa and pupa), the ability to reproduce without mating (parthenogenesis) and their ability to develop resistance to insecticides (Morse and Hoddle, 2006;Diaz-Montano et al, 2011).…”

Fluctuación poblacional, hospederos, fecundidad y ciclo de vida del pulgón amarillo [Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner)] en sorgo [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench] en Nicaragua

“…La comparación de medias con la prueba de Tukey, demostró que existió efecto significativo (p< 0.0001) en la captura de M. sacchari según color de trampa predominando el amarillo con un promedio de 13.65 en comparación al rojo con 0.82 (Cuadro 1), lo que significa que el color es determinante en la atracción de este insecto en lo que corresponde a propósitos de monitoreo y no así la altura de vuelo evaluada en este estudio. Bravo-Portocarrero et al, 2020 reportan que pulgones son eficientemente atraídos por trampas amarillas en 26% y con trampas verdes en un 20%, por otro lado Trampas pegantes de colores se han venido utilizando para investigar su eficiencia en la captura de insectos (Gharekhani et al, 2014;Böckmann y Meyhöfer, 2017;Tarwotjo et al, 2019;Pobozniak et al, 2020). Fluctuación poblacional de alados y ápteros de M. sacchari con relación a la fenología del cultivo de sorgo.…”