Evaluation of streamflow simulation results of land surface models in GLDAS on the Tibetan plateau

Bai, Peng; Liu, Xiaomang; Yang, Tiantian; Liang, Kang; Liu, Changming

doi:10.1002/2016jd025501

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…The NSE values range from 0.70 to 0.89 at Yellow River stations, which are better than previous works where NSE values range from 0.49 to 0.85 based on GLDAS1/Variable Infiltration Capacity simulations (Cuo et al, ) and 0.31 to 0.89 based on GLDAS1/Noah simulations (Zheng et al, ). Bai et al () also evaluated streamflow simulations of GLDAS1 over the TP, and their results showed that Kling‐Gupta efficiency values vary from −0.75 to 0.09 at the TNH and ZMD stations, which are much lower than those from CSSPv2 simulations (Table ). In short, the CSSPv2 model reasonably simulated monthly streamflow over the Sanjiangyuan region and outperformed many other land surface hydrological models in the literature.…”

Section: Validation Of Csspv2 Over the Sanjiangyuan Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Resolution Land Surface Modeling of Hydrological Changes Over the Sanjiangyuan Region in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau: 1. Model Development and Evaluation

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2018

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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High‐resolution modeling became popular in recent years due to the availability of multisource observations, advances in understanding fine‐scale processes, and improvements in computing facilities. However, modeling of hydrological changes over mountainous regions is still a great challenge due to the sensitivity of highland water cycle to global warming, tightly coupled hydrothermal processes, and limited observations. Here we show a successful high‐resolution (3 km) land surface modeling over the Sanjiangyuan region located in the eastern Tibetan plateau, which is the headwater of three major Asian rivers. By developing a new version of a Conjunctive Surface‐Subsurface Process model named as CSSPv2, we increased Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency by 62–130% for streamflow simulations due to the introduction of a storage‐based runoff generation scheme, reduced errors by up to 31% for soil moisture modeling after considering the effect of soil organic matter on porosity and hydraulic conductivity. Compared with ERA‐Interim and Global Land Data Assimilation System version 1.0 reanalysis products, CSSPv2 reduced errors by up to 30%, 69%, 92%, and 40% for soil moisture, soil temperature, evapotranspiration, and terrestrial water storage change, respectively, as evaluated against in situ and satellite observations. Moreover, CSSPv2 well captured the elevation‐dependent ground temperature warming trends and the decreased frozen dates during 1979–2014, and significant increasing trends (p < 0.05) in evapotranspiration and terrestrial water storage during 1982–2011 and 2003–2014 respectively, while ERA‐Interim and Global Land Data Assimilation System version 1.0 showed no trends or even negative trends. This study implies the necessity of developing high‐resolution land surface models in realistically representing hydrological changes over highland areas that are sentinels to climate change.

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Section: Validation Of Csspv2 Over the Sanjiangyuan Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Resolution Land Surface Modeling of Hydrological Changes Over the Sanjiangyuan Region in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau: 1. Model Development and Evaluation

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2018

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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“…In particular, it is well known that land surface models have some difficulties (e.g. parameter tuning in boundary layer schemes) when applying to the TP, even though they sometimes have good performances in different regions or basins (Xia et al, 2012;Bai et al, 2016). For example, Xue et al (2013) indicated that GNoah_E underestimated ET wb in the upper Yellow River and Yangtze River basins on the Tibetan Plateau, mainly due to its negative-biased precipitation forcing.…”

Section: Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, and Liu et al (2016a) evaluated multiple ET estimates against the water balance method on annual and monthly timescales. Bai et al (2016) assessed streamflow simulations of GLDAS LSMs in five major rivers over the TP based on the discharge observations. Although uncertainties might exist among different datasets with various spatial and temporal resolutions which are calculated using different algorithms (Xia et al, 2012), they offer an opportunity to examine the general basin-wide water budgets and their uncertainties in gauge-sparse regions such as the TP considered in this study.…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigating water budget dynamics in 18 river basins across the Tibetan Plateau through multiple datasets

Liu

Sun

et al. 2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The dynamics of basin-scale water budgets over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are not well understood nowadays due to the lack of in situ hydro-climatic observations. In this study, we investigate the seasonal cycles and trends of water budget components (e.g. precipitation P , evapotranspiration ET and runoff Q) in 18 TP river basins during the period 1982-2011 through the use of multi-source datasets (e.g. in situ observations, satellite retrievals, reanalysis outputs and land surface model simulations). A water balancebased two-step procedure, which considers the changes in basin-scale water storage on the annual scale, is also adopted to calculate actual ET. The results indicated that precipitation (mainly snowfall from mid-autumn to next spring), which are mainly concentrated during June-October (varied among different monsoons-impacted basins), was the major contributor to the runoff in TP basins. The P , ET and Q were found to marginally increase in most TP basins during the past 30 years except for the upper Yellow River basin and some sub-basins of Yalong River, which were mainly affected by the weakening east Asian monsoon. Moreover, the aridity index (PET/P ) and runoff coefficient (Q/P ) decreased slightly in most basins, which were in agreement with the warming and moistening climate in the Tibetan Plateau. The results obtained demonstrated the usefulness of integrating multi-source datasets to hydrological applications in the data-sparse regions. More generally, such an approach might offer helpful insights into understanding the water and energy budgets and sustainability of water resource management practices of data-sparse regions in a changing environment.

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“…The TP, known as the "third pole", has an average elevation of over 4000 m above sea level (a.s.l) [42]. The TP is also the source of many Asian rivers, such as the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, and the Mekong River, supporting hundreds of millions of people living downstream [43]. Owing to the sparse population, the existing rain gauge networks over the TP are extremely sparse (see Figure 1 in Section 2.1), which is challenging for hydrological research and practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Five Satellite-Based Precipitation Products in Two Gauge-Scarce Basins on the Tibetan Plateau

Bai

Liu

2018

Remote Sensing

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Abstract:The sparse rain gauge networks over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) cause challenges for hydrological studies and applications. Satellite-based precipitation datasets have the potential to overcome the issues of data scarcity caused by sparse rain gauges. However, large uncertainties usually exist in these precipitation datasets, particularly in complex orographic areas, such as the TP. The accuracy of these precipitation products needs to be evaluated before being practically applied. In this study, five (quasi-)global satellite precipitation products were evaluated in two gauge-sparse river basins on the TP during the period 1998-2012; the evaluated products are CHIRPS, CMORPH, PERSIANN-CDR, TMPA 3B42, and MSWEP. The five precipitation products were first intercompared with each other to identify their consistency in depicting the spatial-temporal distribution of precipitation. Then, the accuracy of these products was validated against precipitation observations from 21 rain gauges using a point-to-pixel method. We also investigated the streamflow simulation capacity of these products via a distributed hydrological model. The results indicated that these precipitation products have similar spatial patterns but significantly different precipitation estimates. A point-to-pixel validation indicated that all products cannot efficiently reproduce the daily precipitation observations, with the median Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) in the range of 0.10-0.26. Among the five products, MSWEP has the best consistency with the gauge observations (with a median KGE = 0.26), which is thus recommended as the preferred choice for applications among the five satellite precipitation products. However, as model forcing data, all the precipitation products showed a comparable capacity of streamflow simulations and were all able to accurately reproduce the observed streamflow records. The values of the KGE obtained from these precipitation products exceed 0.83 in the upper Yangtze River (UYA) basin and 0.84 in the upper Yellow River (UYE) basin. Thus, evaluation of precipitation products only focusing on the accuracy of streamflow simulations is less meaningful, which will mask the differences between these products. A further attribution analysis indicated that the influences of the different precipitation inputs on the streamflow simulations were largely offset by the parameter calibration, leading to significantly different evaporation and water storage estimates. Therefore, an efficient hydrological evaluation for precipitation products should focus on both streamflow simulations and the simulations of other hydrological variables, such as evaporation and soil moisture.

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Evaluation of streamflow simulation results of land surface models in GLDAS on the Tibetan plateau

Cited by 54 publications

References 106 publications

High‐Resolution Land Surface Modeling of Hydrological Changes Over the Sanjiangyuan Region in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau: 1. Model Development and Evaluation

High‐Resolution Land Surface Modeling of Hydrological Changes Over the Sanjiangyuan Region in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau: 1. Model Development and Evaluation

Investigating water budget dynamics in 18 river basins across the Tibetan Plateau through multiple datasets

Evaluation of Five Satellite-Based Precipitation Products in Two Gauge-Scarce Basins on the Tibetan Plateau

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