Evaluation of stress status using the stress map for guide dog candidates in the training stage using variations in the serum cortisol with nerve growth factor and magnesium ions

Ando, Izumi; Karasawa, Kaoru; Shioya, Takeshi; Matsuda, Hiroshi; Tanaka, Akane

doi:10.1016/j.vas.2020.100129

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It is not known how production and release of NGF are controlled. Previous studies in humans have shown that serum NGF concentration increases with emotional stress, 14 and studies in mice showed increased serum NGF concentrations after intraspecific fighting, 15 whereas studies in dogs have had contradictory results 34,35 . Previous studies on horses have led to the conclusion that serum NGF concentration increases with stress in this species, but these studies did not quantify NGF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 It is not known what forms of NGF were detected with the ELISA used in our study, 33 14 and studies in mice showed increased serum NGF concentrations after intraspecific fighting, 15 whereas studies in dogs have had contradictory results. 34,35 Previous studies on horses have led to the conclusion that serum NGF concentration increases with stress in this species, but these studies did not quantify NGF. These conclusions are based on the induction of nerve sprouting from either fetal chick ganglia or PC12 cells seen in vitro after incubation with equine serum, indicating activity of neurotrophic factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum nerve growth factor in horses with osteoarthritis‐associated lameness

Kendall

Lützelschwab

Lundblad

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophin that is increased in osteoarthritic joints of horses. In humans, NGF has been associated with pain, and both synovial and serum NGF concentrations are increased in osteoarthritic patients. Studies in humans also have shown that serum NGF concentration can increase with stress. Serum NGF concentration should be evaluated in horses with osteoarthritis-associated lameness.Objectives: Quantify and compare serum NGF concentration in horses with osteoarthritis-associated lameness and sound horses. Additionally, the impact of short-term stress on serum NGF concentration was investigated.Animals: Lame horses with radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis (n = 20), lame horses without radiographic changes in the affected joint (n = 20) and sound horses (n = 20). In addition, horses with acute fractures (n = 9) were sampled. To determine the effect of stress, serum from horses subjected to a stressful event (transportation, n = 5; stress confirmed by increased serum cortisol concentration) was analyzed.Methods: Cross-sectional clinical study (lame, sound, and fracture cohorts) and experimental longitudinal study (stress cohort). Serum NGF concentration was determined using a quantitative sandwich ELISA.Results: Serum NGF concentration was increased in lame horses with radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis (P < .0001; median, 238 pg/mL; interquartile range [IQR], 63-945 pg/mL) and in lame horses without radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in the painful joint (P < .05; median, 31 pg/mL; IQR, 31-95 pg/mL) compared with sound horses (median, 31 pg/mL; IQR, 31-46 pg/mL). Serum NGF concentration did not increase with short-term stress and was low in horses with fractureassociated pain.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Serum NGF concentration was high in the cohort with advanced osteoarthritis and should be investigated as a marker for osteoarthritis-associated pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum nerve growth factor in horses with osteoarthritis‐associated lameness

Kendall

Lützelschwab

Lundblad

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of methodology, it is also possible to measure cortisol in blood, saliva, and urine [45][46][47]. While the course of cortisol in the context of an acute stress situation in dogs can be traced in blood [45] and saliva [47], cortisol in saliva and urine [46] can also provide indications of chronic stress. However, the responsiveness of the HPA axis is primarily tested here by measuring cortisol concentrations over a certain period of a stressful situation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fur Cortisol in French Bulldogs with Different Manifestations of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome

Schroers,

Goossens,

Zablotski

et al. 2024

Animals

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In the present study, 33 French bulldogs with varying degrees of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) were evaluated for various parameters to provide evidence of chronic stress in the dogs. For this purpose, an owner interview, a clinical examination, and cortisol concentrations in the fur of the dogs were collected. The median cortisol concentration in the fur of the dogs suffering from BOAS (n = 19) was 0.99 pg/mg (range 0.63–66.18), while that of the control group (n = 14) was 1.13 pg/mg (range 0.3–43.45). However, the statistical analysis did not reveal a statistically significant difference; therefore, it is not possible to distinguish between dogs clinically affected with BOAS and those without clinically relevant signs of the disease. There was no statistically significant difference between the age of the animals and the fur cortisol. None of the owners in the examination and control groups indicated that their dog was suffering from chronic stress which shows that the disease is easily underestimated and remains common. Thus, a thorough clinical examination by an experienced veterinarian remains the gold standard in order to diagnose BOAS.

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“…In our study, guide dogs exhibited higher levels of cortisol (almost double) than dogs that live as companion animals. Research has shown that early training increases cortisol levels in dogs [ 16 ]. Furthermore, it has been observed that working dogs, such as those used in the military, increase cortisol levels when subjected to physical and sensory challenges [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Cortisol in Guide Dogs

De la Fuente-Moreno,

Paredes-Ramos,

Carrasco-García

et al. 2023

Animals

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Guide dogs work for extended periods and are exposed to multiple environmental stimuli that could lead to higher stress compared with companion dogs. Cortisol is the main hormone associated with stress in most mammals. This study included seven guide dogs and seven same-breed dogs that were trained as guide dogs but became companion dogs to compare their salivary cortisol levels before, during, and after a period of social isolation and exposure to a 110-decibel gunshot sound. Each dog was left alone in an empty room for 60 min. After 15 min, the dogs were exposed to the sound. We collected four saliva samples from each dog. The first one was taken 5 min before starting the social isolation period, and the following ones at 15, 30, and 45 min after the test started. A two-way ANOVA was used to compare the group effect and the time effect during isolation and noise exposure. The results showed higher levels of cortisol in the guide dogs compared with the companion dogs throughout the test. No differences were found in time or in the interaction between time and group. This suggests that being a guide dog increases levels of basal cortisol when compared with dogs that live as companion animals and family members.

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Evaluation of stress status using the stress map for guide dog candidates in the training stage using variations in the serum cortisol with nerve growth factor and magnesium ions

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Serum nerve growth factor in horses with osteoarthritis‐associated lameness

Serum nerve growth factor in horses with osteoarthritis‐associated lameness

Fur Cortisol in French Bulldogs with Different Manifestations of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome

Salivary Cortisol in Guide Dogs

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