Evaluation of Su Fu’ning Lotion’s Inhibitory Effects on Bladder Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo by Intravesical Instillation

Abstract

Background. Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor with a very high recurrence rate after surgery. Intravesical instillation can help clear up the residual tumor cells after surgery and thereby reduce the recurrence rate. Objective. To establish a bladder tumor transplantation animal model and to evaluate the inhibitory effects of a novel perfusate, Su Fu'ning Lotion (SFN), on bladder tumor. Methods. SFN was compared with several commonly used chemotherapy drugs, including mitomycin (MMC) and pirarubicin (THP) for anticancer effects on the bladder cancer cell lines T24, BTT, and BIU-87 and SFN half inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 ) were determined after 48 hours of treatment. In addition, bladder cancer orthotopic transplantation tumor models were established in BALB/C nude mice and T739 mice, and SFN anticancer effects were assessed in vivo, with normal saline and MMC as negative and positive controls, respectively. Results. SFN, MMC, and THP were all lethal to bladder cancer cells, in vitro, with SFN and THP significantly superior to MMC. IC 50 values for SFN were 13.22, 11.22, and 12.5 µg/mL on T24, BTT, and BIU-87 cells, respectively. In vivo, SFN significantly reduced the mouse bladder wet weight and prolonged the animal survival compared with controls (P < .05), suggesting that SFN significantly inhibited T24/BTT cell growth in mice. Conclusion. SFN inhibited the bladder cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and significantly prolonged the survival of mice with bladder cancer xenografts, indicating that SFN could be used as a perfusate after surgery for removal of residual bladder cancers cells.

Lidocaine enhances the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs against bladder cancer

“…The clinical efficacy of pirarubicin and MMC is well established; for example, a recent meta-analysis concluded that intravesical administration of pirarubicin and MMC after TURBT was associated with a reduced tumor recurrence (hazard ratios of 0.31 and 0.40, respectively) and prolonged recurrence-free survival (hazard ratios of 0.31 and 0.44, respectively) 5 . Our finding that pirarubicin and MMC inhibited the proliferation of cultured BIU-87 cells is consistent with clinical observations and in agreement with other in vitro studies in bladder cancer cell lines 20 – 22 .…”

“…SFN is an extract from Sappan wood ( Caesalpinia sappan L.) that is used as a traditional Chinese medicine. SFN can inhibit the proliferation of three different bladder cancer cell lines (BIU-87, T24 and BTT cells) as well as reduce bladder wet weight and prolong survival in mice with bladder cancer xenografts (using T24 or BTT cells) 20 . Although the mechanism by which SFN exerts an anticancer effect remains to be elucidated, our in vitro observations agree well with this previous study.…”

“…The following experimental groups were used: control group (no drugs added); three separate lidocaine groups (application of either 1.25 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL or 5 mg/mL lidocaine; Beijing Yimin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Beijing, China); MMC group (application of 0.66 mg/mL MMC; Zhejiang Haizheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Taizhou, China); pirarubicin group (application of 0.75 mg/mL pirarubicin; Shenzhen Wanle Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China); Su Fu’ning lotion (SFN) group (application of 0.0625 mg/mL SFN; prepared in the Pharmaceutical Department of our hospital, Taiyuan, China); and three separate combination groups (0.66 mg/mL MMC, 0.75 mg/mL pirarubicin or 0.0625 mg/mL SFN given in combination with either 1.25 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL or 5 mg/mL lidocaine). SFN, a lotion produced from sappan wood extract that has a brazilin content of above 52%, has been previously shown to inhibit bladder cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo 20 .…”

Clinical Value Analysis of Xiaozheng Decoction Combined with Bladder Perfusion for Postoperative Treatment of Bladder Cancer and Its Effect on Serum miR-143 and miR-92a

“…The current treatment modalities for NMIBC are mainly transurethral bladder tumor electrosurgery and postoperative gemcitabine intravesical infusion chemotherapy, which can cause damage to the organism for a long time after surgery, leading to bladder irritation, intestinal discomfort, and other symptoms, and some patients may experience recurrence or even accelerate the progression of NMIBC patients after surgery [ 14 ]. To solve such problems, many scholars have proposed the concept of treating bladder cancer by combining traditional Chinese medicine with postoperative perfusion, which has achieved certain clinical effects [ 15 – 17 ]. The application of Xiaozheng decoction, combined with gemcitabine bladder perfusion to prevent recurrence and adverse reactions after NMIBC, achieved relatively satisfactory results.…”

Development of high-efficiency superparamagnetic drug delivery system with MPI imaging capability

“…The bladder is a hollow organ, and bladder cancer is commonly located on the surface of its mucosal lining ( Batista et al, 2020 ). During treatment, diluted anti-tumor drugs are perfused into the bladder to make direct contact with the cancer cells in the mucosal lining ( Ren et al, 2016 ; Bao et al, 2020 ), without the need to administer the drugs through vascular injection or other means. Therefore, bladder cancer is suitable for magnetic drug targeting therapy without the formation of thrombus blockages and other problems.…”