Evaluation of sublethal and transgenerational effects of sulfoxaflor on Aphis gossypii via life table parameters and 16S rRNA sequencing

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Aphis gossypii, a polyphagous and recurrent pest induced by pesticides, causes tremendous loss crop yields each year. Previous studies on the mechanism of pesticide-induced sublethal effects mainly focus on the gene level. The symbiotic bacteria are also important participants of this mechanism, but their roles in hormesis are still unclear.RESULTS: In this study, life table parameters and 16S rRNA sequencing were applied to evaluate the sublethal and transgenerational effects of sulfoxaflor on adult A. gossypii after 24-h LC 20 (6.96 mg L −1 ) concentration exposure. The results indicated that the LC 20 of sulfoxaflor significantly reduced the finite rate of increase (⊗) and net reproductive rate (R 0 ) of parent generation (G0), and significantly increased mean generation time (T) of G1 and G2, but not of G3 and G4. Both reproductive period and fecundity of G1 and G2 were significantly higher than those of the control. Furthermore, our sequencing data revealed that more than 95% bacterial communities were dominated by the phylum Proteobacteria, in which the maximum proportion genus was the primary symbiont Buchnera and the facultative symbiont Arsenophonus. Compared to those of the control, the abundance and composition of symbiotic bacteria of A. gossypii for three successive generations (G0-G2) were changed after G0 A. gossypii was exposed to sulfoxaflor: the diversity of the bacterial community was decreased, but the abundance of Buchnera was increased (G0), while the abundance of Arsenophonus was decreased. Contrary to G0, G1 and G2 cotton aphid exhibited an increased relative abundance of Arsenophonus in the sublethal treatment group. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our results provide an insight into the interactions among pesticide resistance, aphids, and symbionts, which will eventually help to better manage the resurgence of A. gossypii.

Differences in the Sublethal Effects of Sulfoxaflor and Acetamiprid on the Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) Are Related to Its Basic Sensitivity Level

“…For example, Ullah et al [ 46 ] found an LC 15 concentration of acetamiprid significantly reduced the longevity and fecundity of the parent generation (F 0 ) A. gossypii . Shang et al [ 47 ] found that the longevity of the parent generation (F 0 ) of A. gossypii was significantly prolonged and the fecundity was higher in response to an LC 20 concentration of sulfoxaflor. Sublethal concentrations (LC 10 and LC 25 ) of sulfoxaflor significantly inhibited the longevity and the fertility of M.persicae (F 0 ) [ 26 ].…”

Sublethal Exposure to Deltamethrin Stimulates Reproduction and Alters Symbiotic Bacteria in Aphis gossypii

“…31 Raw fastq files were trimmed, assembled, and filtered as previously reported. 21 The high-quality sequences obtained were used for further analysis, and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were clustered on 97% sequence similarity by using the USEARCH (version 10.0). 32 The RDP CLASSIFIER was used to classify and analyze each 16S rRNA gene sequence against the Silva database (Release128, http://www.arbsilva.de).…”

“…The V3–V4 regions of 16S rRNA were amplified using 338F (5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCA-3′)/806R (5′-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′) primers . PCR amplification, quantitation, and identification and PCR product mixed purification and library preparation were carried out as previously described, and sequencing was performed on an Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform of Biomarker Technologies Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). The sequence obtained was stored in the GenBank SRA database with accession number PRJNA689863.…”

“…Insecticide stress not only stimulates the response of different insect life cycle characteristics but also remarkably affects their symbiont bacteria. 21 Generally, aphids form symbiotic relationships with symbiont bacteria. Hence, the mode of this symbiotic relationship could be influenced under the sublethal pesticide exposure, which deserves more attention.…”

“…Hormesis can affect target and nontarget species and deserves serious attention in pest management. Insecticide stress not only stimulates the response of different insect life cycle characteristics but also remarkably affects their symbiont bacteria . Generally, aphids form symbiotic relationships with symbiont bacteria.…”