Evaluation of sunflower breeding material for resistance to broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) and herbicides under artificial climate conditions to accelerate the breeding process

Abstract

Sunflower is an important oilseed crop, so increasing its yield and resistance to diseases and pests can lead to significant economic improvements for agricultural businesses and the country as a whole. Climate change and the spread of new races of broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) pose serious threats to sunflower production, and research in this area is helping to develop varieties that can adapt to changing conditions. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive assessment of breeding material to identify the most resistant forms and hybrids of sunflower. To achieve the goal, an experiment was conducted in the period 2015-2023 in the LLP “Experimental Farm of Oilseed Crops”, in which the assessment of sunflower breeding material for resistance to broomrape and herbicides was studied. As a result of the experiment, sunflower lines were successfully created that are resistant to broomrape and herbicides, which helps to increase productivity and reduce crop losses. The created sunflower lines were introduced into the breeding process in order to develop highly productive interline sunflower hybrids, which became an important step in improving the agriculture of Kazakhstan. These innovative hybrids, such as “Agribusiness 2050” and “Batyr”, have shown high resistance to broomrape of races E-F, which significantly reduces crop losses and ensures reliable products. In addition, herbicide-resistant hybrids have been developed, such as Baiterek S and Baikonur, which can effectively control weeds and maintain crop cleanliness, which is important for increasing yields and reducing tillage costs. These hybrids have been recommended for use in agriculture in Kazakhstan and can help improve sunflower productivity. This study contributes to the expansion of scientific knowledge in the field of sunflower breeding and pest control, which is a relevant area for improving agricultural practices and ensuring food security