Evaluation of Supplement Use in Sport Climbers at Different Climbing Levels

Przeliorz-Pyszczek, Anna; Regulska−Ilow, Bożena

doi:10.3390/nu15010100

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…An assessment of nutritional knowledge or strategies of weight loss has not been previously reported in climbing athletes. Furthermore, only one previous study has assessed prevalence or sources of influence of supplement use in recreational climbers ( 33 ), and none have examined competition climbers specifically. Therefore, the aim of this study was to firstly, assess the current nutrition knowledge of competition climbers and identify gaps which may inform education programs to support health and performance; secondly, develop a greater understanding of the magnitude, sources of influence, and strategies of weight loss in competition climbers; and lastly, to identify the prevalence, rationale, and sources of influence of supplement use in competition athletes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition knowledge, weight loss practices, and supplement use in senior competition climbers

Gibson-Smith,

Storey,

Michael

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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IntroductionSport climbing has gained increased scientific attention, including studies investigating the dietary habits and nutritional requirements of climbers; however, significant gaps in the literature remain. An assessment of nutritional knowledge, weight loss for competition, and supplement use has not been previously reported in senior competition climbing athletes.MethodsFifty climbers (26 male, 24 female; BMI 21.6 ± 1.9; 23.7 ± 5.2 years) participated in the study. Participants answered a 72-item questionnaire, comprised of demographic data and three main sections to assess general and sports nutrition knowledge, weight loss strategies, and supplement use.ResultsThe mean nutrition knowledge score was ‘average’, with considerable individual variation (53.5 ± 11.1 %). There were no significant sex differences in the general (GNK) or sport (SNK) nutrition knowledge scores, or effect of age. Significantly higher knowledge was demonstrated by national vs. international athletes for the GNK scores (11.09 ± 1.58 vs. 9.58 ± 1.75; p = 0.028). Participants scored well in questions concerning protein, carbohydrates, alcohol, and supplements, and conversely, performed poorly in hydration and micronutrient related questions. Less than one-fifth of respondents had access to a dietitian. Forty-six percent of males and 38% of female climbers reported intentional weight loss for competition on at least one occasion. Of those, ~76% reported utilizing concerning practices, including methods that conform with disordered eating and/or eating disorders, dehydration, vomiting, and misuse of laxatives. Approximately 65% of athletes reported using at least one nutritional supplement in the previous 6 months, with 44% reporting multiple supplement use. There was no significant difference in supplement use between sexes or competition level.DiscussionDue to the established importance of nutritional intake on athlete health and performance, educational support should be employed to improve knowledge in climbers and address shortcomings. Moreover, intentional weight loss for climbing competition is common, with most athletes achieving ~3–8% body weight loss over ≥2 weeks. It is crucial that professionals working with competitive climbers are vigilant in identifying athletes at risk of concerning weight management and establish referral pathways to the appropriate specialist services. High quality intervention trials to assess the efficacy of ergogenic aids in climbing remains inadequate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition knowledge, weight loss practices, and supplement use in senior competition climbers

Gibson-Smith,

Storey,

Michael

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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“…It is difficult to meet the recommended 15 mcg of vitamin D intake from the diet, and vitamin D supplementation is recommended for the Polish population during all seasons because of insufficient sun exposure [ 38 ]. However, no more than 33% of climbers declared using vitamin D supplements [ 20 ]. Nonetheless, the available data show that, although the correction of vitamin D deficiency is necessary, additional supplementation may not have added health benefits [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus far, research has found inadequate energy availability (EA) [ 7 ], unbalanced food quality, and poor nutrient timing in the diets of climbers of different ages and levels of advancement [ 18 ]. Furthermore, several studies have investigated supplement use in sports climbers [ 12 , 19 , 20 ] and analyzed supplement protocol use [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaluation of Energy Availability and Dietary Nutrient Intake of Sport Climbers at Different Climbing Levels

Przeliorz-Pyszczek

Regulska−Ilow

2023

IJERPH

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Proper nutrition is the basis for athletes’ performances when competing or training. The increasing training volume accompanying the increase in advancement should go hand in hand with the appropriate supply of energy as well as macro and micronutrients. The diet of climbing representatives due to the desire to achieve a low body weight may be deficient in energy and micronutrients. Our study aimed to evaluate the differences in energy availability and nutrient intake of female and male sport climbers at different climbing levels. Anthropometric parameters and the resting metabolic rate were measured, the questionnaire about climbing grade and training hours was filled, and a 3-day food diary was fulfilled by 106 sport climbers. Based on the collected data, the energy availability as well as the macro- and micronutrient intake was calculated. Low energy availability (EA) was observed among both genders of sport climbing representatives. A significant difference between EA in various levels of advancement was found in the male group (p < 0.001). Differences in carbohydrate intake (g/kg/BW) between sexes were observed (p = 0.01). Differences in nutrients intake between climbing grade were found in both the female and male groups. In the group of female elite athletes, the adequate supply of most of the micronutrients can imply a high-quality diet despite the low calorie content. It is necessary to educate sport climbing representatives about the importance of proper nutrition as well as the consequences of insufficient energy intake.

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“…Potential side effects of excessive supplement use consist of kidney injury, gastrointestinal discomfort, hypercalcemia, and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (39). Furthermore, a signi cant percentage of European and American dietary supplements, from 10-25%, may pose a potential risk of doping (40), while more recent data suggest an even higher rate of 38% (41). Given this grave situation, our questionnaire aims to shed light on the appropriate consumption of sports supplements to enhance the knowledge and understanding of athletes in this area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire for Sri Lankan athletes

Jayawardena

Weerasinghe

Trakman

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Satisfactory nutrition knowledge among athletes is important to encourage proper dietary habits to overcome deficiencies and enhance sports performance. Identifying knowledge gaps in sports nutrition is essential for improving athletes' understanding, ideally through a contemporary tool that evaluates both general nutrition knowledge (GNK) and sports nutrition knowledge (SNK). This study aims to develop the Athletic Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (A-SNKQ) specifically for Sri Lankan track and field athletes. Methods: The development of the A-SNKQ followed an extensive step-wise approach. Firstly, a systematic literature review was conducted on existing SNK questionnaires for athletes. Secondly, sports nutrition guidelines were incorporated into the questionnaire. Thirdly, information from local literature was gathered to ensure contextual relevance. Lastly, a qualitative study involving key athletic stakeholders was conducted to gain cultural insights. Additional processes were implemented to format and translate the tool. Results: The final version of the questionnaire consists of 33 questions, categorized into 12 sub-sections under two main sections: GNK (n = 16) and SNK (n = 17). The GNK section covers topics such as macronutrients, micronutrients, energy balance, hydration, and weight management. The SNK section addresses specific areas related to sporting performance, including carbohydrate loading, pre-training meals, meals during training, post-training meals, sports supplements, supplement label reading, alcohol consumption, isotonic drinks, doping, and relative energy deficiency syndrome in sports (RED-S). The questionnaire utilizes two question formats, namely single-best response questions and multiple-choice questions. In addition, three sports supplement labels were included. Conclusions: The GNK section of the A-SNKQ addresses the fundamental nutritional concepts. Conversely, the SNK focuses on the knowledge associated with sporting performance among track and field athletes.

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Evaluation of Supplement Use in Sport Climbers at Different Climbing Levels

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Nutrition knowledge, weight loss practices, and supplement use in senior competition climbers

Nutrition knowledge, weight loss practices, and supplement use in senior competition climbers

The Evaluation of Energy Availability and Dietary Nutrient Intake of Sport Climbers at Different Climbing Levels

Development of a sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire for Sri Lankan athletes

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