Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Microbial Biofilm Adhesion of Different Orthodontic Arch-wires

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the capability of different orthodontic arch-wires to retain oral biofilm and to correlate the adhesion to surface roughness of the wires. Methods: Four types of orthodontic arch-wires were used for the study, Nickel-titanium (NiTi), Copper nickel-titanium (Cu-NiTi) , Beta Titanium (TMA) & Beta III Titanium (CNA) new arch wires and 4 weeks after intraoral usage, were examined for Surface roughness (SR) using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans (MS), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), and Candida albicans (CA) were performed using colony count method. Statistically, the following tests were done: analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient test, post hoc Tukey test. Results: The four wire types showed significant increases in SR (P< 0.05) after 4 weeks of intra-oral usage, TMA wires recorded the highest roughness values while the lowest ones were for NiTi wires. Bacterial adhesion was detected on all wires, ANOVA showed significant differences between the wires concerning MS, SA and CA adhesion. A significant positive correlation (P=.001) was observed between bacterial adhesion and surface roughness after intra-oral exposure. Conclusions: SR of the wires increased after intra-oral use and there was a positive correlation with the biofilm adhesion.

Surface Evaluation of Orthodontic Brackets Using Texture and Fractal Dimension Analysis

“…In relation to orthodontic brackets, studies have been conducted which have shown various bacterial adhesion depending on the type of bracket (conventional/self-ligaturing) and the material from which it is made [ 11 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Furthermore, there have been studies on orthodontic wires that have proven a link between biofilm formation and the degree of roughness [ 27 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Tawfik et al proved that there is a strong, linear correlation between the roughness of orthodontic archwires and the formation of bacterial biofilm [ 35 ].…”

“…Furthermore, there have been studies on orthodontic wires that have proven a link between biofilm formation and the degree of roughness [ 27 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Tawfik et al proved that there is a strong, linear correlation between the roughness of orthodontic archwires and the formation of bacterial biofilm [ 35 ]. There are no such studies on brackets, however, one should expect a similar correlation for metal brackets.…”

Assessment of Surface Roughness of Nickel Free Orthodontic Brackets and Archwires (An In Vitro Comparative Study)

“…20 The finding of this study agreed with other studies that also find the TMA wires had the highest surface roughness. [21][22][23] While, nickel free stainless steel wires showed a very low values of their roughness average in the all conditions inspite of the statistical difference was only in the as received condition. This give the wire a superiority as working wire in the sliding mechanic of the second stage of the orthodontic treatment, as its smooth surface will enhance the performance of the appliance, and hence, the quality of the orthodontic treatment.…”

A Novel Coating of Orthodontic Archwires with Chlorhexidine Hexametaphosphate Nanoparticles

“…Orthodontic stainless steel and NiTi archwires are used fundamentally during the course of orthodontic treatment with fxed appliances and are considered a common site for the development of microbial plaque [40,41]. Several studies evaluate the microbial adhesions to diferent orthodontic archwires following intraoral wearing of the appliances that concluded that bioflm adherence increased in the archwires with time and the surface roughness of archwires was positively correlated with bioflm adherence [42][43][44].…”