Evaluation of surface roughness of orthodontic wires by means of atomic force microscopy

Abstract

Objective: To compare the surface roughness of different orthodontic archwires. Materials and Methods: Four nickel-titanium wires (SentalloyH, SentalloyH High Aesthetic, Titanium Memory ThermaTi LiteH, and Titanium Memory EstheticH), three b-titanium wires (TMAH, Colored TMAH, and Beta TitaniumH), and one stainless-steel wire (Stainless SteelH) were considered for this study. Three samples for each wire were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Three-dimensional images were processed using Gwiddion software, and the roughness average (Ra), the root mean square (Rms), and the maximum height (Mh) values of the scanned surface profile were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test (P , .05). Results: The Ra, Rms, and Mh values were expressed as the mean 6 standard deviation. Among as-received archwires, the Stainless Steel (Ra 5 36.6 6 5.8; Rms 5 48 6 7.7; Mh 5 328.1 6 64) archwire was less rough than the others (ANOVA, P , .05). The Sentalloy High Aesthetic was the roughest (Ra 5 133.5 6 10.8; Rms 5 165.8 6 9.8; Mh 5 949.6 6 192.1) of the archwires. Conclusions: The surface quality of the wires investigated differed significantly. Ion implantation effectively reduced the roughness of TMA. Moreover, TeflonH-coated Titanium Memory Esthetic was less rough than was ion-implanted Sentalloy High Aesthetic. (Angle Orthod. 2012;82:922-928.)

Deflection and Flexural Strength Effects on the Roughness of Aesthetic-Coated Orthodontic Wires

“…However, a previous study has verified that some esthetic coatings increased the roughness, and other coatings reduced the roughness (12). In this study, it was verified that before deflection, the roughness of Groups S and ANT (coated with resin epoxy and PTFE, respectively), was significantly higher than that of the other groups evaluated (p<0.05), except for STC (coated with gold/ rhodium).…”

“…The surfaces of both coated wires were shown to be rougher in comparison with the wires without coating (19). In another study, a microscopy evaluation of orthodontic wires with and without esthetic coating verified increased roughness for the NiTi wires with implantation of Rhodium ions (12).…”

“…There are few studies about that evaluated the mechanical properties of esthetic wires as well as the influence of load-deflection on roughness of the esthetic wires (12,13). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the flexural strength and roughness before and after the deflection of esthetic-coated NiTi orthodontic wires with different types of coatings (PTFE, epoxy resin and gold/rhodium).…”

Coating stability and surface characteristics of esthetic orthodontic coated archwires

“…7 Among the properties in the search for the ideal archwire, the surface topography plays an important role and can critically modify the efficiency of orthodontic components. 10,11 Further, increased surface roughness can increase the friction coefficient 12 and is an essential factor in determining the effectiveness of archwire-guided tooth movement. 11 Thus, besides coating stability, it is necessary that a coated archwire present characteristics at least comparable to the conventional, most-used archwires, like SS and NiTi alloys, when exposed to an oral environment.…”

Avaliação da força gerada pela deflexão gradual de fios ortodônticos em braquetes convencionais metálicos, estéticos e autoligáveis

“…Desse modo, o teste de deflexão elástica imita, de forma bem satisfatória, o que ocorre na prática clínica, ao inserirmos um fio na canaleta de um braquete (ASGHARNIA; BRANTLEY, 1986;BURSTONE;GOLDBERG, 1983;BURSTONE;QIN;MORTON, 1985;KUMAR, 2004 Assim, para se fazer a melhor escolha dentre os diversos braquetes e fios ortodônticos disponíveis (BADRAN et al, 2003;D'ANTO et al, 2012;HUDGINS;ERICKSON, 1990;NAKANO et al, 1999), é indispensável o conhecimento da magnitude da força liberada (BERGER, 1994;HANSON, 1980;RINCHUSE;MILES, 2007;SATHLER et al, 2011;SHIVAPUJA;BERGER, 1994 , 1978;BISHARA et al, 1995;HURST et al, 1990;MIURA et al, 1986 O Nitinol combinava elasticidade extrema e memória de forma (ANDREASEN; BARRETT, 1973;BARWART, 1996;MIURA et al, 1986 SCHUMACHER, 1989;LOFTUS et al, 1999;TIDY, 1989). Além disso, tanto nos níveis mais elevados quanto nos níveis mais baixos de momento aplicado, não houve redução na resistência ao deslize entre os diferentes sistemas de braquetes, independentemente dos arcos estudados (PLISKA; BEYER; LARSON, 2011).…”