Evaluation of symmetric dimethylarginine and Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury in dogs

Abstract

Acute kidney injury is a common problem in dogs and is associated with signi cant morbidity and mortality, so this study was aimed to evaluate Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), Doppler ultrasonography including resistive index (RI) in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury in dogs. Ten healthy mongrel dogs were injected with gentamicin sulphate 10% at the dose of 30 mg/ kg body weight daily for ten days for induction of acute kidney injury. Clinical, Biochemical, Ultrasonographic, Doppler ultrasonographic examinations, and urinalysis were performed for all dogs on zero day before induction, on the 5 th day, and the 10 th day of induction. The results of the current study showed a signi cant increase in plasma level of SDMA, serum urea, creatinine, phosphorus, potassium, and a signi cant decrease in serum sodium, calcium, and chloride on the 5 th day and 10 th day of induction, there was an increase in renal cortical echogenicity of right and left kidney compared to adjacent liver and spleen, respectively. RI value showed a signi cant increase on the 5 th day and 10 th day of induction. This study showed that SDMA is a sensitive, and promising biomarker for diagnosis of acute kidney injury in dogs compared to routine biomarkers also, the RI of Doppler ultrasonography is useful for early identifying acute kidney injury when the only observable change is an increase in cortical echogenicity.

Evaluation Of Long-Term Complications Of Diabetes Mellitus In Dogs

“…Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes and a main cause of end-stage renal failure, which is the most severe form of kidney disease characterized by a significant decline in kidney function (Zhuo et al, 2013). SDMA is considered a urinary marker for acute renal damage in dogs (Elgazzar et al, 2022). Because DM could affect the immune status of the affected patient, we measured immunoglobulin to monitor such an alteration.…”

“…The left and right kidneys were examined under the transverse processes of the first and third lumbar vertebrae. Chison E2 portable ultrasound with a 5-8 microconvex transducer was used to detect any changes in tissue architecture and kidney size (Elgazzar et al, 2022). The transducer was positioned caudal to the animal's xiphoid, and the beam of ultrasound was directed cranially.…”

“…SDMA levels increase earlier in the course of kidney disease, with just a 25 to 40% drop in Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) leading to an increase in SDMA, whereas creatinine levels will not rise until GFR falls by 75%. This means that SDMA can enable earlier diagnosis of kidney dysfunction (Elgazzar et al 2022). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.…”