Evaluation of synergistic approach of spinel cadmium–copper nanoferrites as magnetic catalysts for promoting wastewater decontamination: Impact of Ag ions doping

Abstract

Metal substitution is an efficient strategy to improve the catalytic activity of ferrite-based catalysts. In this study, Cd0.5Cu0.5−xAgxFe2O4 (where 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) ferrites were fabricated via a simple co-precipitation method. The influence of the silver ions on the structural, magnetic, and catalytic characteristics of the spinel nanoparticles, as well as on their morphology, was examined. X-ray diffractograms revealed a crystalline cubic spinel structure with crystallite sizes in the nanoregime (7–15 nm). The saturation magnetization reduced from 29.8 to 2.80 emu as the Ag+ doping increased. Two prominent absorption bands were visible in Fourier-transform infrared spectra at 600 cm−1 and 400 cm−1, respectively, and they belonged to the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites. The samples were then used as catalysts for the oxidative breakdown of the typical organic contaminant indigo carmine dye (IC). The catalytic process followed the first-order kinetic model, and the rate constant increased from 0.007 to 0.023 min−1 with increasing of Ag+ doping. Cd0.5Cu0.5-xAgxFe2O4 exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the pH range of 2–11, which means that they are promising efficient and stable materials for Fenton-based alkaline wastewater treatment. Finally, the pathway includes, HO•, HO2−•, and O2−• as oxidants resulted from the synergistic effects of Fe3+, Cu2+, and Ag+, with H2O2 and surface hydroxyl groups have been proposed. Graphical Abstract

Efficient augmentation of superparamagnetic ferrite with alum sludge as a sustainable nanoadsorbent matrix for promoting dye removal: preparation, characterization and application

“…These peaks are caused by the stretching vibration mode linked to the metal-oxygen absorption band (Fe-O links in the crystalline lattice of Fe 3 O 4 ) and are attributed to the formation of the ferrite phase. This happens as a result of contributions from the stretching vibration bands associated with the metal in the octahedral and tetrahedral sites of the oxide structure in these locations [11]. That is in good agreement with the results reported by Thabet et al and that was the same bands appeared at FTIR spectrum of CdCuF and CdAgF ferrites.…”

“…In addition to the band characteristic associated with the presence of amorphous silica and albite in the nano-composite sample, there was evidence of nano-ferrite characteristic bands. The peaks which were precisely indexed to the lattice planes (220), (311), (422), (440), and (533) have been matched with the plane of CdCu and CdAg ferrite (JCPDS documents 591-0028 and 153-9598) and the results are in good agreement with the result reported byMangood et al (2023) [11]. This XRD pattern indicating the coexistence of ferrite and AS400 in the composite.…”

“…Additionally, the AS400 Sorbents contain the anorthic crystal structure of calcium aluminosilicate (CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 ). AS400 also contains the crystalline rich-silica zeolite ZSM-12 (sodium aluminium silicate, Na (2023) [11]. This XRD pattern indicating the coexistence of ferrite and AS400 in the composite.…”

“…Co-precipitation posses various advantages including high homogeneity and small particle size, that stands the method as one of the best synthesis processes. Also, such method could result in a production of ultra ne, highly pure, crystalline and highyield of nanoparticles [11]. Cadmium ferrite is signi ed as a kind of geometrically frustrated system in such system cadmium ions occupies the tetrahedral A-site.…”

Design of silver-zinc-nickel spinel-ferrite mesoporous silica as a powerful and simply separable adsorbent for some textile dye removal

“…The highest peaks slightly migrated towards lower angles as the Ag + content rose (when x = 0.5), confirming the Ag + substitution for Zn 2+ . Additionally, the peaks widened, indicating that the ferrite nanostructure had formed 51 . The broad peak in the range from 20° to 25° is attributed to the existence of amorphous SiO 2 in the coated layer 52 .…”