Evaluation of tandem offline and online solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for the analysis of antibiotics in ambient water and comparision to an independent method

Meyer, Michael T.; Lee, E.A.; Ferrell, G.M.; Bumgarner, J.E.; Varns, Jerry L.

doi:10.3133/sir20075021

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A total of 20 hormones and sterols were extracted from samples using solid phase extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry [ 36 ]. Thirty-two antibiotics and select pharmaceuticals were extracted from samples using solid-phase extraction and determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry [ 37 ]. Micropollutant data can be retrieved from the USGS National Water Information System ( https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis ) by searching for the station numbers provided in S2 – S5 Tables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants in groundwater downgradient from large on-site wastewater discharges

et al. 2018

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Large subsurface treatment systems (LSTS) and rapid infiltration basins (RIB) are preferred onsite wastewater treatments compared to direct discharge of treated wastewater to streams and adjacent facilities. Discharge of these wastewater treatments may result in contaminant loading to aquifers that also serve as drinking water sources downgradient from the discharge site. Until recently, few studies have characterized the contribution of micropollutants (e.g. pharmaceuticals, fragrances, flame retardants, etc.) to receiving aquifers. We conducted a pilot project to characterize the occurrence of micropollutants in groundwater downgradient from 7 on-site treatment systems in Minnesota, USA: 5 community LSTS and 2 municipal RIB. One downgradient monitoring well was sampled three times at each facility over one year. Of 223 micropollutants analyzed, 35 were detected. Total sample concentrations ranged from 90 to 4,039 ng/L. Sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic) was detected in all samples at concentrations from 7 to 965 ng/L. Other pharmaceuticals (0.12–1,000 ng/L), organophosphorus flame retardants (10–500 ng/L), and other anthropogenic chemicals (4–775 ng/L) were also detected. The numbers and concentrations of micropollutants detected were inversely related to dissolved oxygen and depth to water. Ratios of pharmaceutical concentrations to human-health screening values were <0.10 for most samples. However, concentrations of carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole exceeded screening values at two sites. Study results illustrate that large on-site wastewater systems designed to discharge to permeable soil or shallow groundwater effectively deliver pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants to groundwater aquifers and could contribute micropollutants to drinking water via water supply wells.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants in groundwater downgradient from large on-site wastewater discharges

et al. 2018

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“…Surface samples in the dairy production area were taken from bedding materials composed of dried solid manure, and those in the field were taken from loose surface soil. Concentrations of antibiotics were determined using online solid phase extraction (OLSPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) for water samples ( 18 ). Solid samples were extracted using the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method described in McKinney et al ( 19 ) and analyzed by direct aqueous injection of the solid sample extracts using a Shimadzu Prominence LC and API 5000 tandem MS (Columbia, MD) in multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode with ESI and positive-negative ion switching (see SI for details).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use and Environmental Occurrence of Antibiotics in Freestall Dairy Farms with Manured Forage Fields

Watanabe

Bergamaschi

Loftin

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

191

104

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Environmental releases of antibiotics from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are of increasing regulatory concern. This study investigates the use and occurrence of antibiotics in dairy CAFOs and their potential transport into first-encountered groundwater. On two dairies we conducted four seasonal sampling campaigns, each across 13 animal production and waste management systems and associated environmental pathways: application to animals, excretion to surfaces, manure collection systems, soils, and shallow groundwater. Concentrations of antibiotics were determined using on line solid phase extraction (OLSPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) for water samples, and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) LC/MS/MS with ESI for solid samples. A variety of antibiotics were applied at both farms leading to antibiotics excretion of several hundred grams per farm per day. Sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and their epimers/isomers, and lincomycin were most frequently detected. Yet, despite decades of use, antibiotic occurrence appeared constrained to within farm boundaries. The most frequent antibiotic detections were associated with lagoons, hospital pens, and calf hutches. When detected below ground, tetracyclines were mainly found in soils, whereas sulfonamides were found in shallow groundwater reflecting key differences in their physicochemical properties. In manure lagoons, 10 compounds were detected including tetracyclines and trimethoprim. Of these 10, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, and lincomycin were found in shallow groundwater directly downgradient from the lagoons. Antibiotics were sporadically detected in field surface samples on fields with manure applications, but not in underlying sandy soils. Sulfadimethoxine and sulfamethazine were detected in shallow groundwater near field flood irrigation gates, but at highly attenuated levels.

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“…Upon arrival at the USGS Kansas Water Science Center, Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory, filtered water samples were extracted and analyzed for 49 antibiotics and associated degradation products (Table 2) from the classes beta lactams, macrolides, sulfonamides, quinolones, and tetracyclines using an on‐line solid phase extraction (OLSPE)–liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method modified from the OLSPE–LC/MS method of Meyer et al (2007) The beta lactams and macrolides, sulfonamides and quinolones, and the tetracyclines were analyzed separately according to three different methods using OLSPE and LC/MS/MS with multiple‐reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive‐ion mode. A duplicate sample, a matrix spiked sample, and a blank deionized water sample were analyzed every 10 samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net Changes in Antibiotic Concentrations Downstream from an Effluent Discharge

Haggard

Bartsch

2009

J of Env Quality

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Many studies have shown the occurrence of antibiotics and degradation products in streams; however, relatively little work has applied a functional perspective to antibiotic transport and uptake. This study examined net changes in antibiotic concentrations downstream from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharge and estimated net uptake length (Snet), net uptake velocity (v(f-net)), and net areal uptake rate (Unet) of antibiotics over a 3-km stream reach at Mud Creek, northwest Arkansas, USA, during June, September, and December 2006. Ten antibiotics and one degradation product (azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, erythromycin-H2O, ofloxacin, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and trimethoprim) were found at least once at Mud Creek downstream from the effluent discharge. All chemicals persisted in measurable concentrations in the water column over the 3-km stream reach, and we observed significant net retention of some antibiotics and one degradation product across the sampling events. Antibiotics that were significantly retained traveled kilometer-scale distances (Snet: 1.8 to 51.5 km) with relatively low uptake velocities (v(f-net): 1.6 to 33.9 x 10(-6) m s(-1)) and rates (Unet: 0.01 to 38.4 x 10(-6) microg m(-2) s(-1)). This study illustrates that some antibiotics do not travel conservatively in streams and that uptake processes occur over the scale of kilometers, linking upstream effluent sources to downstream processing over large spatial scales.

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Evaluation of tandem offline and online solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for the analysis of antibiotics in ambient water and comparision to an independent method

Abstract: Front cover: Photographs showing offline tandem solid-phase extraction (left) and online-solid-phase extraction (right) set up for water samples.

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Concentrations of pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants in groundwater downgradient from large on-site wastewater discharges

Concentrations of pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants in groundwater downgradient from large on-site wastewater discharges

Use and Environmental Occurrence of Antibiotics in Freestall Dairy Farms with Manured Forage Fields

Net Changes in Antibiotic Concentrations Downstream from an Effluent Discharge

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