Evaluation of tear and aqueous humor level, and genetic variants of connective tissue growth factor as biomarkers for early detection of pseudoexfoliation syndrome/glaucoma

Demirdöğen, Birsen Can; Akçin, Canan Koçan; Özge, Gökhan; Mumcuoğlu, Tarkan

doi:10.1016/j.exer.2019.107837

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…CTGF was recently evaluated again as a candidate biomarker of PEXG, but its concentration in aqueous humor did not differ between PEXG, PES, and control patients, while the CTGF and total protein contents in tear fluid were significantly higher in PEXG cases compared to controls. However, CTGF was not a good predictor for PEXG or PES in tears or aqueous humor, showing again the high variability and lack of reliability of the proposed candidate biomarkers [ 76 ]. Moreover, the concentrations of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), tenascin-C (TNC), thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2), and osteopontin (OPN) were determined by multiplexed immunoassays in patients diagnosed with PACG (n = 41) and controls (n = 22), showing significantly elevated matricellular protein levels in glaucoma patients [ 77 ].…”

Section: Candidate Molecular Biomarkers Identified In Eye Fluids Eye Tissues and Blood/seramentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate Glaucoma Biomarkers: From Proteins to Metabolites, and the Pitfalls to Clinical Applications

Cueto

Álvarez

García

et al. 2021

Biology

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Glaucoma is an insidious group of eye diseases causing degeneration of the optic nerve, progressive loss of vision, and irreversible blindness. The number of people affected by glaucoma is estimated at 80 million in 2021, with 3.5% prevalence in people aged 40–80. The main biomarker and risk factor for the onset and progression of glaucoma is the elevation of intraocular pressure. However, when glaucoma is diagnosed, the level of retinal ganglion cell death usually amounts to 30–40%; hence, the urgent need for its early diagnosis. Molecular biomarkers of glaucoma, from proteins to metabolites, may be helpful as indicators of pathogenic processes observed during the disease’s onset. The discovery of human glaucoma biomarkers is hampered by major limitations, including whether medications are influencing the expression of molecules in bodily fluids, or whether tests to validate glaucoma biomarker candidates should include human subjects with different types and stages of the disease, as well as patients with other ocular and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the proper selection of the biofluid or tissue, as well as the analytical platform, should be mandatory. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge concerning proteomics- and metabolomics-based glaucoma biomarkers, with specificity to human eye tissue and fluid, as well the analytical approach and the main results obtained. The complex data published to date, which include at least 458 different molecules altered in human glaucoma, merit a new, integrative approach allowing for future diagnostic tests based on the absolute quantification of local and/or systemic biomarkers of glaucoma.

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Section: Candidate Molecular Biomarkers Identified In Eye Fluids Eye Tissues and Blood/seramentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate Glaucoma Biomarkers: From Proteins to Metabolites, and the Pitfalls to Clinical Applications

Cueto

Álvarez

García

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…From the applications of molecular biology to health science, it has been possible to estimate several biological events that intervene in ocular diseases of clinical importance, such as Keratoconus, Dry eye, and Glaucoma 67,77,78 . These advances have allowed the application of new technological tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of ocular or systemic alterations from ocular structures 79 .…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinesterase Activity in the Eye?

Durán-Cristiano¹

2021

Preprint

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The visual system is regulated by the nervous through neurotransmitters, which play an important role in visual and ocular functions. One of those neurotransmitters is acetylcholine, a key molecule that plays a diversity of biological functions. On the other hand, acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, is implicated in cholinergic function. However, several studies showed that in addition to their enzymatic functions, Acetylcholinesterase exerts non-catalytic functions. In recent years, the importance of evaluating all possible functions of acetylcholine-acetylcholinesterase has been evidenced. Nevertheless, there is evidence that suggests cholinesterase activity in the eye can regulate some biological events both in structures of the anterior and posterior segment of the eye and therefore in the visual information that is processed in the visual cortex. Hence, the evaluation of cholinesterase activity could be a possible marker of alterations in cholinergic activity not only in ocular disease but also in systemic diseases.

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“…De esta forma, se han documentado niveles reducidos de los factores de crecimiento antes mencionados en individuos con glaucoma normotensional (60), además se han evaluado los niveles de estos factores tanto en humor acuoso como en fluido lagrimal, encontrando que el CTGF está presente en los dos fluidos en individuos con glaucoma pseudoexfoliativo (61). Otro reporte demuestra un cambio en la expresión de ciertas citoquinas y una sobreregulación de anexina vinculante, esta última asociada a procesos apoptóticos y cambios en los niveles de expresión de moléculas como la lisozima y la proteína S100A (62).…”

Section: Biomarcadores En Lágrima En Enfermedades Ocularesunclassified

Biomarcadores en película lagrimal y su aplicación clínica.

Cristiano

Gómez-Molina

2020

Rev. Sal. Bosq

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El fluido lagrimal se caracteriza por ser una mezcla de moléculas que incluye proteínas, lípidos, metabolitos, entre otros; estas moléculas juegan un papel importante en la fisiopatología de distintas enfermedades, por lo cual las lágrimas han sido de gran interés para la comunidad científica en la búsqueda de biomarcadores y en el desarrollo de estrategias terapéuticas para enfermedades sistémicas y oculares. La poca invasividad y el bajo riesgo al obtener la lágrima la convierten en una interesante muestra en comparación con algunos fluidos corporales que pueden ser mucho más costosos y molestos para su obtención. Lo anterior ha sido demostrado en diversos estudios que sugieren estrategias para obtener la muestra e indican un posterior análisis mediante avanzadas técnicas de biología molecular y celular, entre ellas los análisis ómicos, que han logrado una mejor caracterización lagrimal. Los análisis ómicos han contribuido en la identificación diferencial de distintas moléculas que pueden desempeñar un papel importante en el diagnóstico, seguimiento y/o tratamiento de enfermedades oculares y sistémicas. Por tanto, el propósito del presente artículo fue describir las diferentes características del fluido lagrimal, así como los posibles candidatos de biomarcadores de patologías oculares y sistémicas reportados.

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Evaluation of tear and aqueous humor level, and genetic variants of connective tissue growth factor as biomarkers for early detection of pseudoexfoliation syndrome/glaucoma

Cited by 14 publications

References 52 publications

Candidate Glaucoma Biomarkers: From Proteins to Metabolites, and the Pitfalls to Clinical Applications

Candidate Glaucoma Biomarkers: From Proteins to Metabolites, and the Pitfalls to Clinical Applications

Cholinesterase Activity in the Eye?

Biomarcadores en película lagrimal y su aplicación clínica.

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