Evaluation of the Acceptance Journeys Social Marketing Campaign to Reduce Homophobia

Hull, Susan; Davis, Catasha; Hollander, Gary; Gasiorowicz, Mari; Jeffries, William L.; Gray, Seymour J.; Bertolli, Jeanne; Mohr, Anneke

doi:10.2105/ajph.2016.303528

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Designing efficacious interventions that help decrease cultural biphobia, both in sexual minority and sexual minority communities, will likely facilitate bisexual men’s access to crucial social support from both sexual majority and minority communities by removing key barriers to their sexuality disclosure (Dodge, Schnarrs, Reece, Martinez, et al, 2012). For example, social marketing interventions designed to decrease homophobia in communities-at-large, such as the Acceptance Journeys model (Hull et al, 2017; Hull, Gasiorowicz, Hollander, & Short, 2013), may be modified and adapted to decrease biphobia in both sexual majority and sexual minority communities. Our findings demonstrate that social support from gay communities is a key deficit for Black bisexual men, contributing substantially to psychosocial health inequities; interventions that lead to greater inclusion and cohesion within sexual minority communities will likely contribute to the improvement of psychosocial health outcomes among their most marginalized members.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Health Disparities Among Black Bisexual Men in the U.S.: Effects of Sexuality Nondisclosure and Gay Community Support

et al. 2018

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Compared with Black gay men, Black bisexual men experience psychosocial health disparities, including depression, polydrug use, physical assault, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Black bisexual men are also less likely to disclose their sexuality, which may result in them receiving less sexual minority community support, exacerbating psychosocial health disparities. We assessed relationships between bisexual behavior, bisexual identity, sexuality nondisclosure, gay community support, and psychosocial morbidities among Black men who have sex with men (MSM). Between 2014 and 2017, survey data were collected from Black MSM ≥ 18 years old (n = 4430) at Black Pride events in six U.S. cities. We differentiated between bisexual-identified men reporting past-year sex with men and women (bisexual MSMW, 8.4%); gay-identified men reporting sex with men only (gay MSMO, 73.1%); gay MSMW (8.0%); and bisexual MSMO (8.4%). Multivariable regressions contrasted these groups by psychosocial morbidities, sexuality nondisclosure, and gay community support. Structural equation models assessed total, direct, and indirect effects. Compared with gay MSMO, bisexual MSMW and gay MSMW were significantly more likely to report polydrug use, depression symptoms, IPV, physical assault, sexuality nondisclosure, and lack of gay community support. Lack of gay community support had significant indirect effects on the relationships between bisexual behavior and psychosocial morbidity (p < .001) and between bisexual identity and psychosocial morbidity (p < .001). Sexuality nondisclosure had significant indirect effects on relationships between bisexual behavior (p < .001), bisexual identity (p < .001), and lack of gay community support. Psychosocial health disparities experienced by Black bisexual men are associated with both bisexual behavior and bisexual identity. Interventions decreasing biphobia will facilitate opportunities for protective sexuality disclosure and access to sexual minority community support.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Health Disparities Among Black Bisexual Men in the U.S.: Effects of Sexuality Nondisclosure and Gay Community Support

et al. 2018

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“…Another potential form of community-level intervention could be directed mass media messages around suicide prevention in a manner similar to efforts combatting societal homophobia (Hull et al, 2017). Finally, in a related effort, a social media campaign born from highly-publicized suicides of sexual minority youth – “It Gets Better” –provided web-based video testimonials from sexual minority adults encouraging sexual minority youth to persevere through their current problems (Muller, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide Acceptability and Sexual Orientation: Results from the General Social Survey 2008–2014

Blosnich¹,

Lytle

Coulter

et al. 2018

Archives of Suicide Research

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Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals have higher prevalence of lifetime suicide ideation and attempt than their heterosexual peers, but less is known about differences in suicide acceptability (i.e., believing suicide is a viable answer to a problem). The purpose of this study was to examine if LGB adults had greater suicide acceptability than heterosexual adults. A total of 4 items in the General Social Surveys from 2008 to 2014 assessed whether a nationally representative sample of U.S. adult respondents (n = 5,037) thought it acceptable for individuals to kill themselves if one: goes bankrupt, dishonors their family, is tired of living, or has an incurable disease. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of sexual orientation with suicide acceptability items after adjusting for confounding factors. Compared with heterosexuals, lesbians/gays had higher odds of reporting suicide acceptability if one goes bankrupt (OR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.46), dishonors family (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.28), or is tired of living (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.30, 3.90). Bisexual and heterosexual groups were largely similar across the 4 suicide acceptability items. No sexual orientation differences were observed for reporting acceptability of suicide in the instance of an incurable disease. Post hoc analyses revealed significant interactions between sex and sexual orientation, such that differences in suicide acceptability seemed to be driven by sexual minority women rather than by sexual minority men. Suicide acceptability differs by sexual orientation, and community-level interventions around changing norms about suicide may be a prevention strategy for sexual minority individuals.

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“…Although studies focused on African American women in the South suggest that microfinance interventions are feasible and promising for reducing HIV risk [82,83], some gaps remain with regard to program design and implementation needs. Similarly, evidence supports the feasibility and benefits of anti-homophobia, social marketing campaigns to potentially reduce HIV risk among African American and Latino MSM, but this work is limited to large cities in the Midwest and Northeast [84][85][86]. The extent to which these campaigns' images and messages might be effective in the South, where homophobic sentiment is more prevalent, is unknown.…”

Section: Recommendations For Addressing Social Determinants Of Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Epidemiology to Action: The Case for Addressing Social Determinants of Health to End HIV in the Southern United States

Jeffries

Henny

2019

AIDS Behav

Self Cite

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In response to cholera outbreaks in London during 1853-1854, John Snow conducted an historic investigation that launched the field of modern epidemiology [1]. Snow hypothesized that unsanitary conditions caused by sewage dumped into city cesspools contaminated local drinking water, resulting in the rapid spread of Cholera. To test his hypothesis, he collected data from Londoners who acquired and did not acquire cholera, paying close attention to where individuals who contracted cholera lived and acquired their water. Almost all individuals who acquired cholera drank from wells that were near cesspools in or near the Soho district of London. One well in particular, "the Broad Street pump," was a primary water source for hundreds of cholera victims in Soho. To intervene, Snow persuaded London city officials to remove the handle from the Broad Street pump to prevent townspeople from consuming the contaminated water. After doing so, the cholera epidemic ceased. Snow's investigation provides a good starting point for understanding the epidemiology of HIV in the southern United States ("the South"). Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of disease, and it is the "core science of public health." [2] Like Snow did with cholera in the 1850s, the HIV prevention workforce uses epidemiology to identify persons who are at greatest risk for acquiring and transmitting HIV (distribution) and the reasons why (determinants). Epidemiologic data tell us, for example, that persons most at risk for HIV infection are gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM); African Americans; Latinos; transgender women; and, as evidenced by the articles in this special issue, persons in the South [3]. To inform intervention approaches, our workforce uses epidemiology in attempts to prevent behaviors that most commonly result in HIV infection: condomless sex, injection drug use, and nonadherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) or pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) [4].

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Evaluation of the Acceptance Journeys Social Marketing Campaign to Reduce Homophobia

Abstract: This evidence suggests that the Acceptance Journeys model of social marketing may be a promising strategy for addressing homophobia in US Black communities.

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

Psychosocial Health Disparities Among Black Bisexual Men in the U.S.: Effects of Sexuality Nondisclosure and Gay Community Support

Psychosocial Health Disparities Among Black Bisexual Men in the U.S.: Effects of Sexuality Nondisclosure and Gay Community Support

Suicide Acceptability and Sexual Orientation: Results from the General Social Survey 2008–2014

From Epidemiology to Action: The Case for Addressing Social Determinants of Health to End HIV in the Southern United States

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