Evaluation of the Adhesive Properties of the Cornea by Means of Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Lacrimal Tear Deficiency

Napoli, Pietro Emanuele; Coronella, Franco; Satta, Giovanni Maria; Galantuomo, Maria Silvana; Fossarello, Maurizio

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115762

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The control group included subjects who fulfilled the following criteria: (1) McMonnies score < 10, (2) no tear film abnormalities (FBUT ≥ 5 seconds and Schirmer I test value ≥ 5 mm), and (3) no abnormalities of the lid margin or meibum [19,20]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Novel Technique of Infrared Meibography by Means of Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study

et al. 2016

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PurposeTo compare a novel spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) technique with traditional lid transillumination for evaluation of meibomian glands (MGs) and to assess the relation of MG morphologic changes to the glandular atrophy.DesignEvaluation of diagnostic technology.ParticipantsSixty-one patients with obstructive MGD (30 men, 31 women; age [mean ± standard deviation] 45.1 ± 12.1 years), and 75 control subjects (32 men, 43 women; 44.1 ± 12.5 years) were recruited in order to have a balanced distribution of glandular features.MethodsAgreement between SD-OCT and lid transillumination examination for the detection of drop-out (partial or complete loss of MGs) and microscopic changes (i.e. shortening, distortion, segmentation and entanglement), as well as the relationship between morphological features and MG atrophy were evaluated.Main Outcome MeasuresAgreement between the two meibographic techniques, bias in symmetry of classification, and association analysis between microscopic changes and MG dropout.ResultsOverall agreement for all morphological features was substantial (Cohen kappa coefficient = 0.77; p<0.001), even if, the majority of disagreement occurred for cases with segmentation, where agreement was present in only 108 (81.82%) of 132 eyes with adequate images for interpretation, and where SD-OCT tended to diagnose more cases not detected by traditional lid transillumination (McNemar test, p<0.001). Moreover, segmentation and distortion pattern negatively correlated with the degree of drop-out, whereas shortening and entanglement pattern demonstrated only a weak correlation (Spearman’s ρ was -0.691, -0.491, -0.359, -0.385, respectively).ConclusionsEach method has its advantages but in general there was close agreement between these meibographic techniques, particularly for MG dropout, which supports the reliability of our novel, simple and patient-friendly SD-OCT approach.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Novel Technique of Infrared Meibography by Means of Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study

et al. 2016

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“…This was possible because NaCMC is capable of binding to human corneal epithelial cells [29]. The OCT imaging results indicate that patients with dry eye or meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) have a significant reduction of TF corneal adhesiveness [30]. .…”

Section: Structure and Appearance Of The Tear Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Probably, its exact structural feature (thickness at a given point and time) is at present impossible to be determined [18]. Therefore, the behavior of the preocular TF should necessarily be evaluated differently, e.g., with a marker, and taking into account its oscillatory pattern [27,30,31].…”

Section: Tear Film Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our depiction is shown in Figure 12 impossible to be determined [18]. Therefore, the behavior of the preocular TF should necessarily be evaluated differently, e.g., with a marker, and taking into account its oscillatory pattern [27,30,31]. Prior to these insights, ultra-high OCT resolution has been used to detect the tear film changes with a series of cross-sectional images and to study the dynamics of the TF thickness (showing a thickness change from 5 µ m to 2.5 µ m over 15 s time, in healthy subjects).…”

Section: Integrative Model Of Tear Film Behavior During the Inter-blimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fourier-Domain OCT Imaging of the Ocular Surface and Tear Film Dynamics: A Review of the State of the Art and an Integrative Model of the Tear Behavior during the Inter-Blink Period and Visual Fixation

Napoli

Nioi

Mangoni

et al. 2020

JCM

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In the last few decades, the ocular surface and the tear film have been noninvasively investigated in vivo, in a three-dimensional, high resolution, and real-time mode, by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Recently, OCT technology has made great strides in improving the acquisition speed and image resolution, thus increasing its impact in daily clinical practice and in the research setting. All these results have been achieved because of a transition from traditional time-domain (TD) to Fourier-domain (FD) technology. FD-OCT devices include a spectrometer in the receiver that analyzes the spectrum of reflected light on the retina or ocular surface and transforms it into information about the depth of the structures according to the Fourier principle. In this review, we summarize and provide the state-of-the-art in FD-OCT imaging of the ocular surface system, addressing specific aspects such as tear film dynamics and epithelial changes under physiologic and pathologic conditions. A theory on the dynamic nature of the tear film has been developed to explain the variations within the individual compartments. Moreover, an integrative model of tear film behavior during the inter-blink period and visual fixation is proposed.

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“…Relatively recently, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has changed the diagnostic approach for various ocular diseases in both anterior and posterior segments,7–12 including RS1. Indeed, at present spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) is the most useful diagnostic tool for this disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rebound macular edema following oral acetazolamide therapy for juvenile X-linked retinoschisis in an Italian family

Galantuomo¹,

Fossarello²,

Cuccu³

et al. 2016

OPTH

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BackgroundJuvenile X-linked retinoschisis (RS1, OMIM: 312700) is a hereditary vitreoretinal dystrophy characterized by bilateral foveal schisis and, in half of the patients, splitting through the nerve fiber layer in the peripheral retina. In the first decade of life, patients usually develop a decrease in visual acuity. Long-term visual outcomes can be poor due to the limited number of known successful treatments.PurposeThe purposes of this study were to present, for the first time, a p.Arg197Cys missense mutation in the RS1 gene (OMIM: 300839) in a four-generation Italian family with RS1 and to examine the clinical response to the treatment with acetazolamide tablets alone or in combination with dorzolamide eye drops as assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).MethodsEleven individuals, including two brothers with RS1 (patients 1 and 2), underwent a full medical history examination and a comprehensive ocular assessment that involved SD-OCT, fluorescein angiography, electroretinography and DNA analysis. Each RS1 patient received oral acetazolamide (375 mg daily) during the first three months. Thereafter, patient 1 continued only with dorzolamide eyedrops three times a day for a period of three months, while patient 2 spontaneously stopped both medications.ResultsSequence analysis of the RS1 gene identified a hemizygous c.589C>T (p.Arg197Cys) missense mutation in exon 6, which has not been previously reported in an Italian family. A different response to the medical therapy was observed in the four eyes of the two affected brothers hemizygous for this abnormality. Of note, after acetazolamide interruption, a rebound effect on cystoid macular edema reduced the beneficial effects of the initial therapy for RS1 from p.Arg197Cys mutation. Indeed, a minimal rebound effect on cystoid macular edema, and an improvement in visual acuity, was observed in patient 1 during the six months of treatment. Conversely, in patient 2, an initial improvement in cystoid macular edema was not associated with visual acuity changes, followed by a marked rebound effect.ConclusionThis study showed that the sequential use of acetazolamide tablets and dorzolamide eye drops should be considered and studied further as a possible treatment for macular edema and visual impairment in patients with RS1 from a hemizygous p.Arg197Cys mutation.

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Evaluation of the Adhesive Properties of the Cornea by Means of Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Lacrimal Tear Deficiency

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

A Simple Novel Technique of Infrared Meibography by Means of Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study

A Simple Novel Technique of Infrared Meibography by Means of Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study

Fourier-Domain OCT Imaging of the Ocular Surface and Tear Film Dynamics: A Review of the State of the Art and an Integrative Model of the Tear Behavior during the Inter-Blink Period and Visual Fixation

Rebound macular edema following oral acetazolamide therapy for juvenile X-linked retinoschisis in an Italian family

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