Evaluation of the Age- and Sex-Related Changes of the Osteogenic Differentiation Potentials of Healthy Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Background andObjectives: Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are promising sources for cell-based regenerative therapy. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the roles of age and sex on the cellular viability and osteogenic potential of BMSCs cultured in osteogenic media. Materials and Methods: Human BMSCs were isolated and expanded from 3 age groups—20s, 30s, and 50s—from both sexes. The total number of aspirates was ten, and each subgroup had five for 20s (two females and three males), three for 30s (one female and two male), and two for 50s (one female and one male). Analyses of the cell morphology, the cell viability, the expression of the stem cell marker SSEA-4, the secretion of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the expression of Runx2 and collagen I, the metabolic activity, and the formation of mineralization nodules were performed. Results: No significant differences were found in the cell viability of human BMSCs cultured in osteogenic media among the different age groups. There were no significant differences in the expression of SSEA among the age groups or between males and females. There were no significant differences in the secretion of human VEGF between males and females. No significant differences in Runx2 or collagen I expression were noted by age or gender. Moreover, no significant differences were shown in osteogenesis by alizarin red staining. Conclusions: The human BMSCs showed no age-related decreases in cellular viability or osteogenic differentiation potential.

Vitamin D Enhanced the Osteogenic Differentiation of Cell Spheroids Composed of Bone Marrow Stem Cells

“…Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from a male participant (Catholic MASTER Cells) were obtained from the Catholic Institute of Cell Therapy (CIC, Seoul, South Korea) [18]. Stem cells were plated onto silicon elastomer-based concave microwells (StemFIT 3D; MicroFIT, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea) of 600 µm diameter at a density of 1 × 10 6 cells/well and cultured in osteogenic media [19].…”

Recent Advances in Enhancement Strategies for Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Tokalov et al (2007) isolated BMSCs from rats of 2–48 weeks of age and reported that MSC osteogenesis was independent of donor age, as revealed by similar levels of calcium accumulation after osteogenic induction in vitro . Lee et al (2021) demonstrated that the osteogenic differentiation potential of human BMSCs was not impaired in older donors, as shown by alizarin red staining. Similar results were found by Ding and his coworkers, who revealed that the osteogenic differentiation capacities of human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ADSCs) between old age individuals and young age individuals were the same ( Ding et al, 2013 ).…”

Analyzing Sex-Specific Dimorphism in Human Skeletal Stem Cells

“…Nevertheless, we only used phenol red in our differentiation culture to analyze cell autonomous effects only, which had no effect on osteogenic differentiation of SSCs of both sexes, which may be explained by a low binding affinity of phenol red to the estrogen receptor (0.001% of estradiol) demonstrated in human breast cancer cells [61]. Accordingly, Lee and coworkers reported that there were no sex-specific differences in the osteogenic differentiation potential in human bone marrow-derived MSCs [62]. These results indicate that, although there is a clinically relevant sex-specific difference between male and female bone regeneration, the exact factors modulating this sexual dimorphism are still a matter of debate and need to be part of further investigations.…”