Evaluation of the anti-oxidative and ROS scavenging properties of biomaterials coated with epigallocatechin gallate for tissue engineering

Abstract

In tissue engineering, excessively generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) during biomaterial implantation or cell transplantation is a one of major causes of diminishing therapeutic effects. In this study, we prepared biomaterial surfaces coated with antioxidant epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and metal ions, and evaluated their anti-oxidative and ROS scavenging properties. We revealed that EGCG-coating on polycaprolactone (PCL) film surface increased hydrophilicity and anti-oxidative properties as a function of total phenol content (TPC) potentially due to the increase in phenolic -OH and π -electrons from structural maintenance and directly removed the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) by resonance-stabilization. Furthermore, EGCG-coated PCL film increased attachment, spreading area, and viability of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) against H 2 O 2 treatment while stimulated the cellular signaling to reduce apoptotic gene and enhance anti-oxidative enzyme expression. Further, we applied EGCG coating on the surface of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) fibers. Spheroids incorporating EGCG-coated PLLA fibers were able to maintain their shape and showed improved viability and anti-oxidative activities in response to H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress than control spheroids. Therefore, metal-phenolic network (MPN) coating of EGCG is a suitable method to impart the anti-oxidative properties to biomaterials by evaluating the structural properties and biological effects. Statement of SignificanceThis manuscript describes an antioxidant coating for biomaterials to control reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidant epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was coated on the PCL film surface via metal-phenolic network (MPN). We revealed that the phenolic functional groups of EGCG are structurally maintained as confirmed by quantitative reducing power, radical scavenging assays. EGCG coating not only removed ROS directly, but also is involved in cell signaling to enhance the anti-apoptotic gene, anti-oxidative enzyme expression. Furthermore, human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) spheroid produced by self-assembly with EGCG-coated poly-L-lactic aicd (PLLA) fibers showed anti-oxidative properties from inside of spheroids. Thus, our evaluation of the anti-oxidative properties of EGCG coating can be applied to various tissue engineering applications.

Epigallocatechin Gallate: The Emerging Wound Healing Potential of Multifunctional Biomaterials for Future Precision Medicine Treatment Strategies

“…They found that EGCGcoated polycaprolactone (PCL) film increases cell attachment, viability, and proliferation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) against H 2 O 2 exposure while regulating cell signalling that diminishes apoptotic genes, thus augmenting the expression of the anti-oxidative enzyme. The amalgamated EGCG-coated PLLA fibre spheroids showed better cell viability and anti-oxidative activities in response to H 2 O 2 induced oxidative stress compared to the control [53].…”

“…Inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription [12,27,30] Inhibit (NF-κB) protein factors [12,30] Inhibit IL-8 production [50] Inhibit LPS-induced inflammation [51,52] Block Notch signaling [51] Antioxidant Inhibit nitric oxide formation [19] Inhibit ROS enzymes [53] Activation of SOD [54] Anti-scarring Inhibit TGF-β receptor [27] lymers 2021, 13, 3656 8 of 16…”

“…Inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription [12,27,30] Inhibit (NF-κB) protein factors [12,30] Inhibit IL-8 production [50] Inhibit LPS-induced inflammation [51,52] Block Notch signaling [51] Antioxidant Inhibit nitric oxide formation [19] Inhibit ROS enzymes [53] Activation of SOD [54] Anti-scarring Inhibit TGF-β receptor [27] Along with their known antioxidant activity, accumulating evidence has shown the antimicrobial potential of EGCG towards Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus) with 95% zone inhibition [54]. This is a crucial discovery as EGCG can be utilised as the gold standard to enhance healing recovery for the management of DFU as chronic wounds mainly face stalled inflammatory phase caused by the overproduction of ROS and biofilm microbial infection.…”

“…Studies that exploit the effectiveness of EGCG towards DFU patients and diabetic induced in vivo models have discovered enhanced neovascularisation, increased collagen, granulation tissue thickness, a rise of capillary density, enhanced angiogenesis, and cellular reorganisation [51,53,[56][57][58]. Hence, the antibacterial and free radical scavenging ability of EGCG suggests effective therapeutic modality for dermal wound management.…”

Titanium dioxide dental implants surfaces related oxidative stress in bone remodeling: a systematic review

“…ROS in physiological amount is needed for cellular signal transduction and physiological metabolism. However when the generation of ROS exceed the antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress develop and normal tissue haemostasis imbalance occur leading to poor tissue regeneration and wound healing ( Lee et al, 2021 ).…”