Evaluation of the Antifungal Activity of the Licania Rigida Leaf Ethanolic Extract against Biofilms Formed by Candida Sp. Isolates in Acrylic Resin Discs

Abstract

Candida sp. treatment has become a challenge due to the formation of biofilms which favor resistance to conventional antifungals, making the search for new compounds necessary. The objective of this study was to identify the composition of the Licania rigida Benth. leaf ethanolic extract and to verify its antifungal activity against Candida sp. and its biofilms. The composition identification was performed using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) technique. The antifungal activity of extract and fluconazole against planktonic cells and biofilms was verified through the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) following biofilm induction and quantification in acrylic resin discs by reducing tetrazolic salt, with all isolates forming biofilms within 48 h. Six constituents were identified in the extract, and the compounds identified are derivatives from phenolic compounds such as flavonoids (epi) gallocatechin Dimer, epigallocatechin and gallocatechin, Myricetin-O-hexoside, Myricitrin, and Quercetin-O-rhamnoside. The extract reduced biofilm formation in some of the strains analyzed, namely C. tropicalis URM5732, C. krusei INCQS40042, and C. krusei URM6352. This reduction was also observed in the treatment with fluconazole with some of the analyzed strains. The extract showed significant antifungal and anti-biofilm activities with some of the strains tested.

In vitro Antibiotic and Modulatory Activity of Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze against Candida strains

“…The analyses of HPLC showed that the species is rich in flavonoids, and such constituents are capable of disrupting fungal membranes [48,49] and may inhibit the budding process and decrease the Ca + and H + homeostasis [50]. In the present study, caffeic acid and quercetin were the major compounds present in both extracts of M. suaveolens with caffeic acid standing out, as it is always present in the chemical composition of M. suaveolens extracts [22,51].…”

Spectroscopic Techniques for the Analysis of Food Quality, Chemistry, and Function

“…an example is the Felix instruments leaf spectrometer, used with a quality meter. 111 The Ci-710 Miniature leaf spectrometer was used to detect the leaf quality and the effects of pests, drought, and pathogens. 112 The quality meter can detect the acidity, colour, and total soluble solids of fruit.…”

Rosa davurica Pall., Rosa rugosa Thumb., and Rosa acicularis Lindl. Originating from Far Eastern Russia: Screening of 146 Chemical Constituents in Three Species of the Genus Rosa

“…The flavan-3-ols Epiafzelechin (compound 38), Catechin (compound 39), (epi)Catechin (compound 40), and Gallocatechin (compound 41) have been characterized as components of millet grains [23], G. linguiforme [25], Camellia kucha [38], strawberry, cherimoya [39], Rosa rugosa [40], Myrtle [41], Radix polygoni multiflori [42], Licania ridigna [43], and Rhodiola rosea [44]. The flavan-3-ol Gallocatechin (compound 41) was found in extract of R. rugosa and R. davurica.…”

“…The fragment ion with m/z 245 yielded four daughter ions at m/z 243, m/z 217, m/z 173, and m/z 145. It was identified in the bibliography in extracts from G. linguiforme [25], Licania ridigna [43], and Rhodiola rosea [44].…”

“…This compound was identified in the bibliography in extracts from Terminalia arjuna [46] and R. rugosa [47]. [25], Licania ridigna [43], and Rhodiol rosea [44].…”