Evaluation of the antinociceptive effect of xylazine and it’s interaction with metoclopramide in the acute pain model in mice

Shaban, Khalid A.; Al-Zubaidy, M. H. I.; faris, Gada abdul-munem

doi:10.33899/ijvs.2019.126070.1226

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…One dose of nefopam was chosen at 18 mg/kg, IM was injected to 6 chickens per H2O or H2O2 groups depending on the previous experiment similar to the analgesic ED100 values of nefopam. The voltage of electro-stimulator apparatus registered pre-and post-thirty min of nefopam therapy to every chicken although the delta volts also noted (6,7,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Over the previously mentioned calculation, the percentage contributed to H2O2-induced OS for nefopam's analgesia can be measured by using the delta voltage for H2O and H2O2 groups of chickens.…”

Section: The Antinociception Of Nefopam Against Electrostimulation In Normal and Stressed Chickensmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of nefopam in normal chickens and its relationship to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress

Mousa¹

2021

IJVS

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The objective designated to discover the analgesic effect of nefopam in the normal (non-stressed) chickens and its possible alteration due to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)induced oxidative stress (OS) in 7-14 day old chickens. The analgesia of nefopam has been increased by 47% in the stressed chickens by measuring the analgesic Median Effective Dose (ED50) value. This value was 9.10 mg/kg, IM in the normal chickens where it became 4.80 mg/kg, IM in stressed chickens. There is a significant rise in the antinociceptive action of nefopam 18 mg/kg, IM by 88% in the stressed group of chickens in comparison with the normal one elicited by an electro-stimulation and formaldehyde 0.05 ml of 0.1% tests for induction of nociception. The observations showed several significant stimulatory modifications in the neurobehaviour when nefopam treated with a subtle dosage 1 mg/kg, IM in the stressed chickens concerning the latency to move, squares crossed and time of the tonic immobility response test. Significant damage was detected in the liver function when nefopam injected at 18 mg/kg, IM in stress chickens in comparison to normal one by 28, 33 and 65% as estimated through Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate trans-aminase (AST) and Alanine trans-aminase (ALT) concentrations in the serum, respectively. The sum of data findings indicated that H2O2-induced OS increased the analgesic activity of nefopam in the chickens; despite the changes occur on the neurobehaviour and liver function. The dose of nefopam should be reduced when preparing the therapeutic regimen in the stressed animals.

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Section: The Antinociception Of Nefopam Against Electrostimulation In Normal and Stressed Chickensmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of nefopam in normal chickens and its relationship to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress

Mousa¹

2021

IJVS

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“…The first dosage of nefopam and ketorolac in isobolographic analysis were at 8.39 and 8.39 mg/kg, i.m. The chicks were measured individually prior, and post 15 minutes of treatment of the two drugs via using the electrostimulator (Harvard apparatus, USA) (occurrence of distress call marked to pain sensation in the chicks) (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). At this time, the dosage of both drugs was reduced or raised by 25% (2.1 mg) of the first dose used of both drugs as to look or lack of the analgesic action.…”

Section: Determination Of Analgesic Interaction Between Nefopam and Ketorolac By Using Isobolographic Analysis At A Ratio Of 1:1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nefopam and ketorolac: Isobolographic analysis of analgesic effect and pharmacokinetic profile in chicks

Jassim¹,

Mousa²

2022

IJVS

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There are no prior studies on the pharmacological interaction between nefopam and ketorolac and on their pharmacokinetics in the chickens. The median analgesic effective doses (ED50s) of nefopam and ketorolac were estimated individually as 8.39 mg/kg, i.m. for each drug. Thereafter, their values were determined together in combination as 2.63 and 2.63 mg/kg, i.m. after administration at the ratio of 1:1 of their ED50s. The pharmacodynamic interaction between nefopam and ketorolac was designated as synergistic through the interaction index 0.62. Plasma concentrations of nefopam alone 16 mg/kg, i.m. in different measured times 0.

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“…from the first day to the twenty-eighth day, measurements were taken on the seventh, fourteenth, and twenty-eighth days. The chicks were checked for behavior during 3 minute via open-field activity as mentioned earlier (13)(14)(15)(16). Each chick was used for the tonic immobility behavioral paradigm, after the open-field activity test (13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Effect Of Lambda-cyhalothrin On Open-field Activity and Tonic Immobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chicks were checked for behavior during 3 minute via open-field activity as mentioned earlier (13)(14)(15)(16). Each chick was used for the tonic immobility behavioral paradigm, after the open-field activity test (13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Effect Of Lambda-cyhalothrin On Open-field Activity and Tonic Immobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of lambda-cyhalothrin in chicks

Alrawe¹,

Al-Zubaidy²

2022

IJVS

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A Lambda-cyhalothrin (LTC) is classified as a synthetic type II pyrethroids, available in the local market, used to eliminate insects, which is widely used for spraying homes. This study aims to reveal the acute and subacute toxic effects of LTC in chicks as a biological model. The acute (LD50) by up and down method recorded through 24 hrs. The signs and toxicity scores were estimated, the sub-acute toxicity effects of LTC in the openfield activity and tonic immobility test, body-weight and histopathological effects were recorded. The oral LTC LD50 in chicks was 228.5 mg/kg. Oral administration of LTC at doses 57.12, 114.25, and 171.36 mg/kg, which represented 25%, 50%, and 75% of LD50 respectively, caused signs of toxicity such as depression with wing dropping, feathered by closed eyelids, gasping, and recumbency. LTC causes a significant decrease in chick's weight, locomotor activity in the open field activity represented by increase latency to move, and decrease the number of lines crossed. The liver and brain show histopathological changes such as congestion, focal infiltration of mononuclear cells, hemorrhage, coagulative necrosis, and vasogenic edema. In the brain, the lesion was represented by shrunken in purkinji, demyelination of axon and hyper atrophy of astrocyte, the lesion was more severe in both organs when exposed to a high concentration and for longer periods. Our results demonstrated that LCT has a moderate toxicity in chicks, and causes behavioral and histological toxic effects, especially with sub-acute toxicity. Therefore, we do not recommend using it, and restricted application in homes and agriculture.

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Evaluation of the antinociceptive effect of xylazine and it’s interaction with metoclopramide in the acute pain model in mice

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of nefopam in normal chickens and its relationship to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress

Effect of nefopam in normal chickens and its relationship to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress

Nefopam and ketorolac: Isobolographic analysis of analgesic effect and pharmacokinetic profile in chicks

Acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of lambda-cyhalothrin in chicks

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