Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity and Lipid Peroxidation of the Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina

Introduction: Diabetes is a disease that constitutes multiple sources of free radicals, thus oxidative stress is expected to have a double impact. Since oxidative stress is mediated by hyperglycemia-induced generation of free radical, it is supposed that compounds with hypoglycemic and antioxidative properties would be useful antidiabetic agents. Our study investigated the use of V. amygdalina as a potential hypoglycemic and antioxidative agent by testing its effect on the antioxidant biomarkers and lipid peroxidation. Methods: Dried leaves of V. amgydalina were extracted for 48 hrs and freeze dried. Acute toxicity was investigated in 25 rats. Thirty six rabbits were divided into 6 groups: groups I -III were normal; diabetes was induced in groups (IV -VI). Groups I and IV were normal and diabetic controls respectively. The animals were treated with aqueous leaf extract of V. amygdalina. Blood samples were collected and used for the study. Results: The reduction in body weight in the diabetic groups was regained following administration of the extract of V. amgydalina. The extract is considered safe and had little or no effect on blood glucose, MDA and GSH levels of the normal rabbits. Extract significantly reduced glucose and MDA concentrations but increased GSH levels in the diabetic rabbits. Similarly, the extract had no effect on the activities of SOD, CAT and GPx in normal rabbits, however in diabetic rabbits, the enzymes activities increased dose-dependently. Conclusion: This finding provides basis for the use of V. amgydalina as potential antidiabetic antioxidant agent and may be useful for its hypoglycemic property. INTRODUCTIONWith oxidative stress linked to metabolic or vascular disorder, diabetes becomes the best disease for studying the consequences of oxidative stress and its treatment. Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease characterized by hyperglycemia, [2,3] lipoprotein abnormalities, [4] raised basal metabolic rate, [5] defect in reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes [6] and high oxidative stress induced by the generation of highly reactive free radicals which are also involved in pancreatic destruction. [2,7] Insufficient removal of these free radicals can lead to oxidative damage to membranes; enhance susceptibility to lipid peroxidation, enzyme inactivation and nucleic acid damage. [8,6] Since oxidative stress is mediated by hyperglycemiainduced generation of free radical, it became clear that lowering blood glucose as well as scavenging the free radicals may ameliorate the oxidative stress thus providing an effective strategy for reducing diabetic mellitus and its complications. Attenuation of Oxidative Damage in Alloxan Induced[9] Hence compounds with both hypoglycemic and antioxidative properties would be very useful antidiabetic agents. We therefore considered a known hypoglycemic plant, Vernonia amygdalina and its effect on some endogenous biomarkers of oxidative stress: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation...

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“…[10,11,12] It has been reported that the beneficial effect of V. amygdalina may be attributed at least in part to its antioxidant action. [13] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of Oxidative Damage in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rabbits Following Administration of the Extract of the Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina.

Owolabi

Jaja

Olatunji

et al. 2011

Free Radicals and Antioxidants

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“…Also the aqueous and ethanolic extract of VA has further been shown to have potent antioxidant properties as they were able to inhibit bleaching of Bcarotene, oxidation of linoleic acid and lipid peroxidation induced by Fe 2+/ ascorbate in a rat liver microsomal preparation. This study showed that the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts was higher than that of the aqueous extracts, and compared favourably with synthetic antioxidant BHT and BHA [29]. However another study reported that methanol extract displayed highest antioxidant activity followed by acetone and water extract [30].…”

Section: Vernonia Amygdalina (Va)mentioning

confidence: 64%

Antioxidant Properties of Selected African Vegetables, Fruits and Mushrooms: A Review

Hamzah¹,

Jigam²,

Makun³

et al. 2013

Mycotoxin and Food Safety in Developing Countries

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“…The study demonstrated that the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract was higher than that of aqueous extracts but compared favourably with synthetic antioxidants like butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (Owolabi et al, .2008). …”

Section: Antioxidant Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bitter Herbs of Eastern Nigeria (Gongronema Latifolium, Vernonia Amygdalina and Vitex Doniana): A Review

Chinwe

2018

Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med

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Background: The article is a review of three bitter vegetables consumed in South-eastern Nigeria (Gongronema latifolium, Vernonia amygdalina and Vitex doniana). These vegetables are not very palatable to taste but are highly famed because of the myriad of illnesses that they are reputed to cure and manage. The different aspects of these vegetables reviewed are their ethnobotany, zoo pharmacology, bioactivity, phytochemistry and toxicity. Materials and method:The literatures consulted were searched using electronic search engines (Google, Google scholar and Pubmed). Substantial amount of literature was consulted but only those directly related to the main review were selected. Result: The review revealed that the three bitter vegetables possessed phytochemicals like saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids among others that justify the claims of curing and managing many of the illnesses that traditional folks attribute to them. From literature, antimicrobial, antinflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti cancer activities were attributed to these three bitter herbs. Antinutritional substances like phytate and oxalate reported in these herbs were not regarded as harmful for human consumption because of the traditional method of processing the vegetables by squeeze washing in several changes of water. Conclusion:The three bitter herbs are regarded as beneficial for human consumption and the information should be disseminated to a large audience.

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Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity and Lipid Peroxidation of the Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina

Cited by 27 publications

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Attenuation of Oxidative Damage in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rabbits Following Administration of the Extract of the Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina.

Attenuation of Oxidative Damage in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rabbits Following Administration of the Extract of the Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina.

Antioxidant Properties of Selected African Vegetables, Fruits and Mushrooms: A Review

Bitter Herbs of Eastern Nigeria (Gongronema Latifolium, Vernonia Amygdalina and Vitex Doniana): A Review

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