Evaluation of the Antiproliferative Properties of CpRu Complexes Containing N-Methylated Triazaphosphaadamantane Derivatives

Abstract

Piano-stool-{CpRu} complexes containing 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA), N-methyl-1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (mPTA), and 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabyciclo[3.3.1]nonane (dmoPTA) were evaluated as drugs against breast cancer. The evaluated compounds include two new examples of this family, the complexes [RuCp(DMSO-κS)(HdmoPTA)(PPh3)](CF3SO3)2 (8) and [RuCp(PPh3)2-µ-dmoPTA-1κP-2κ2N,N′-PdCl2](CF3SO3) (11), which have been synthesized and characterized by NMR, IR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxic activity of compounds was evaluated against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and the three most active complexes were further tested against the hormone-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Their cell death mechanism and ruthenium uptake were also evaluated, as well as their binding ability to human serum albumin.

Heterocyclic (pyrazine)carboxamide Ru(ii) complexes: structural, experimental and theoretical studies of interactions with biomolecules and cytotoxicity

“…Another class of ruthenium( ii ) based complexes which have gained significant interest in the development of anticancer agents are those supported on arene scaffolds. 24–28 This is attributed to their distinct characteristics, including solubility, stability, lipophilicity, and accessibility via facile synthetic routes. One such example, is the investigations of the in vitro cytotoxicity of ruthenium( ii )–arene complexes of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands.…”

Aminocarbyne-Alkyne Coupling in Diruthenium Complexes: Exploring the Anticancer Potential of the Resulting Vinyliminium Complexes and Comparison with Diiron Homologues

“…Ruthenium complexes have undergone extensive exploration for their potential in anticancer applications, − aiming to identify suitable alternatives to platinum-based drugs that are commonly used in hospital chemotherapy treatment. − With respect to platinum species, it is generally accepted that ruthenium offers the advantage of limited toxicity and satisfying tolerability in the human body. − A diversity of ruthenium compounds has been investigated, and a few ruthenium­(III) complexes were evaluated, or are still under evaluation, in clinical trials. − These compounds behave as pro-drugs, undergoing monoelectronic reduction of the metal center (from Ru III to Ru II ) within the tumor environments characterized by hypoxic conditions. , Recognizing the potential of Ru II derivatives, many organo-ruthenium­(II) complexes have been examined, − and particularly complexes belonging to the RAPTA family have shown a great promise. − …”