Evaluation of the Bacteriological Safety of the Shellfish-growing Area in Gangjinman, Korea

To evaluate the bacteriological water quality in Yongnam-Gwangdo, located in western Jinhae Bay, seawater samples were analyzed using sanitary indicator bacteria at 57 sampling stations. According to survey results from January 2007 to December 2009, the range of the geometric mean and the estimated 90th percentile for coliforms and fecal coliforms in the samples were <1.8-16.5 and 1.8-246.8 MPN/100 mL and <1.8-7.1 and 1.8-74.8 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The samples, including those taken from stations located in Wonmunman, Gwangdo, and Dangdong, showed high levels of microbial contamination caused by the climate and weather patterns in the marine environment. The bacteriological water quality in the area met Korean criteria for a designated shellf ish growing area for export and National Shellf ish Sanitation Program criteria for an approved shellf ish growing area, except at station #49. A total of 24 direct pollution sources were discharged into the shellf ish growing area. The radius of impact was calculated for each pollution source to assess the effect on the shellfish growing area. The calculated radius of impact for most of the pollution sources was below 300 m. However, the radius of impact for the combined pollution sources in Kyeonnaeryang was 93-1973 m. There were signif icant differences between the calculated closed sea area and actual monitoring results. The closed sea area values calculated from the fecal coliform load in drainage water tended to be higher than the actual monitoring results. Tidal currents and environmental factors such as salinity, water temperature, sunlight, and microbiological factors affect the survival of fecal indicator bacteria in seawater.

Section: 재료 및 방법unclassified

Impact of Pollution Sources on the Bacteriological Water Quality in the Yongnam-Gwangdo Shellfish Growing Area of Western Jinhae Bay, Korea

Shim¹,

Ha²,

Yoo³

et al. 2012

“…Park et al (2010) . Park et al (2010Park et al ( ) (2007Park et al ( -2009 5.3 . , (3.7-6.2) (Choi et al, 2005b).…”

Section: 분변계 스테롤 분석mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterols as Indicators of Fecal Pollution in Sediments from Shellfish Farming Areas (Yeoja Bay and Gangjin Bay) of Korea

Choi¹,

Lee²,

Hwang³

et al. 2013

Eight fecal sterols were analyzed in surface sediments collected from shellfish farming areas in Yeoja Bay and Gangjin Bay, Korea, to evaluate sewage-derived fecal pollution. The concentrations of coprostanol, a good marker of sewage-derived organic contamination, in sediments were in the range of 10-530 ng/g-dry in Yeoja Bay, and 10-190 ng/g-dry in Gangjin Bay. Coprostanol levels were markedly higher in the inner bay than in the outer bay. These levels were lower than those reported in urbanized bays in Korea, however, they were comparable to levels in other shellfish farming areas including Gamak Bay. A multivariate analysis of the ratios of other sterols suggested that the sterols originated from sewage and plankton/benthos. Sewage was the dominant source at stations located close to the river mouth and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outfalls, and plankton/benthos was the primary source in the outer bay. These results suggest that management of point sources, e.g., WWTP as well as non-point sources, e.g., riverine inputs is important for improving the water quality in Yeoja Bay and Gangjin Bay.

“…. (Kwon et al, 2008;Shim et al, 2009;Ha et al, 2009;Park et al, 2010;Yoo et al, 2010 (Chang et al, 1998;Ha et al, 2009). 24-48 , (Park, 1990).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Inland Pollution Sources around the Port of Jeokyang and Jangpo after Rainfall Events on Bacteriological Water Quality in the Changseon Area, Korea

Ha¹,

Yoo²,

Shim³

et al. 2013

The influences of inland pollution sources nearJeokyang and Jangpoports following rainfall events on the bacteriological water quality and safety of commercial shellfish were investigated in the Changseon area, Korea. Stream flow rates exhibited 1.9-to 5.7-fold increases after rainfall events and then fell to 68~81% of that level after 24 h. The calculated impact area of inland pollution sources was 0.47 km 2 in the Jeokyangport area and 0.27 km 2 in the Jangpoport area at 24 h following 11 mm of rainfall. When the flow rate of inland pollution increased, the level of male-specific bacteriophage (MSB) decreased, and no MSB could be detected in seawater samples, whereas 30 PFU/100 g was detected in shellfish samples. Fecal coliform levels in seawater and shellfish samples did not exceed their respective tolerance levels (4.5 MPN/100 mL) and 130 MPN/100 g, respectively and thus complied with the standard for approved shellfish growing area. The sanitary conditions of areas adjacent to Jeokyang and Jangpoports under conditions of rainfall below 29 mm met the criteria for approved growing area under the United States National Shellfish Sanitation Program and the EC Regulations.