Evaluation of the biological properties of two experimental calcium silicate sealers: an in vivo study in rats

Abstract

Aim To evaluate the biological properties of experimental sealers based on tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate, manipulated with polyethylene glycol (CE‐1) and with the addition of calcium hypochlorite (CE‐2) compared to AH Plus (AHP) and TotalFill BC Sealer (TBC). Methodology The tissue reaction caused by the materials in the subcutaneous tissue of rats was evaluated after implantation of polyethylene tubes filled with the materials at 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE) for morphological analysis and to evaluated number of inflammatory cells/mm2 (ICs). Sections were used for immunohistochemical detection of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and osteocalcin (OC). The von Kossa method was used to identify calcium precipitation in the capsules. The data were submitted to anova and Tukey’s tests, with 5% significance level. Results At 7 days, CE‐1, CE‐2 and AHP had higher numbers of ICs. AHP presented higher immunolabelling for IL‐6. After 15 days, regarding IL‐6, there was no difference between CE‐2 and the control group. At 30 days, AHP exhibited the highest number of IC (P < 0.05) and CE‐2 and the control group presented the lowest ICs and IL‐6‐positive cells. After 60 days, all materials exhibited decreases in ICs. CE‐2, TBC and the control had the lowest values (P < 0.05). No significant difference was detected between CE‐1 and TBC, and between CE‐2 and control considering the immunoexpression of IL‐6. In this period, AHP had the greatest number of IC and IL‐6 (P < 0.05). In all periods, CE‐1, CE‐2 and TBC sealers had von Kossa‐positive structures and OC‐immunolabelled cells. CE‐2 had higher number of OC‐positive cells than the CE‐1 and TBC sealers (P < 0.05), in all periods. OC immunolabelling was not observed in the capsules of AH Plus and the control groups. Conclusions The experimental sealer and its association with calcium hypochlorite, in addition to TotalFill BC Sealer, were biocompatible and had bioactive potential.

Hepatic enzymes and immunoinflammatory response to Bio-C Temp bioceramic intracanal medication implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats

“…Moreover, the intense IL-6-immunoexpression point to a harmful effect of Calen on the connective tissue since IL-6 is a multifunctional pro-inflammatory cytokine, being considered an indicative parameter of the inflammatory reaction intensity 24 , 44 . Studies have shown a direct correlation between the reduction in the number of inflammatory cells and IL-6 immunoexpression in the capsules adjacent to the calcium silicate-based materials implanted in rat subcutaneous 23 , 24 , 27 , 45 . In the present study, the reduction in the immunoexpression of IL-6 was also accompanied by decrease in the number of inflammatory cells reinforcing the concept that this interleukin may modulate the inflammatory reaction in response to the endodontic materials.…”

“…In this standardized field (0.09 mm 2 ), the number of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages) was computed using the image analysis system. Thus, the number of inflammatory cells per millimetre square of capsule was obtained dividing the total number of inflammatory cells by the total standardized field of capsule 24 , 26 , 27 , 33 , 45 .…”

“…To estimate the capsule thickness, an image at × 65 magnification was captured (objective lens: × 4); the measurement was made from the capsule surface to the adjacent tissues (in micrometers). In each specimen, the mean value of capsule thickness was calculated from the three sections analyzed 23 , 24 , 45 .…”

“…In each section, a standardized area (0.09 mm 2 ) was captured at × 695 magnification (objective lens: × 40). Using the image analysis system, the number of immunolabelled cells (brown-yellow color) was computed 24 , 27 , 33 , 45 .…”

Biocompatibility of a New Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealer Mediated via the Modulation of Macrophage Polarization in a Rat Model

“…The long-term in vivo biocompatibility and toxicity of HiFlow should also be thoroughly studied before it is widely used in the clinic. Many previous studies have been performed to evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility of root canal sealers in a rat model of subcutaneous tissue implantation [ 4 , 14 ]. Therefore, the aims of the present study are to evaluate the reactions of subcutaneous connective tissues and organs to BC Sealer HiFlow and to compare them to the reactions to iRoot SP sealer and ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate cement (MTA) (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK, USA), whose sufficient biocompatibilities have been confirmed by numerous in vivo and in vitro experiments [ 15 , 16 ].…”