Evaluation of the blood neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as a biomarker for meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology in dogs

Park, Jooyoung; Lee, Dohee; Yun, Taesik; Koo, Yoonhoi; Chae, Yeon; Kim, Hakhyun; Yang, Mhan‐Pyo; Kang, Byeong‐Teck

doi:10.1111/jvim.16512

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…7,11 Recently, NLR has been studied in dogs with pancreatitis, meningoencephalitis of unknown cause, and inflammatory bowel disease, and a significant difference was confirmed when compared with the healthy group. [22][23][24] In humans, neutrophilia has been identified in patients with heart disease and clinical symptoms. 4 Lymphopenia is associated with a poor prognosis in heart failure patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs may be predicted using neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio

Chae

Kim

et al. 2023

ajvr

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OBJECTIVE To investigate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). ANIMALS 106 dogs with MMVD and 22 healthy dogs were included in the study. PROCEDURES CBC data were obtained retrospectively, and NLR, MLR, and PLR were compared between dogs with MMVD and healthy dogs. The ratios were also analyzed according to MMVD severity. RESULTS NLR and MLR were significantly higher in dogs with MMVD C and D (NLR of 4.99 [3.69–7.27]; MLR of 0.56 [0.36–0.74]) than in healthy dogs (NLR: 3.05 [1.82–3.37], P < .001; MLR: 0.21 [0.14–0.32], P < .001), MMVD stage B1 (NLR: 3.15 [2.15–3.86], P < .001; MLR: 0.26 [0.20–0.36], P < .001), and MMVD stage B2 dogs (NLR: 3.22 [2.45–3.85], P < .001; MLR: 0.30 [0.19–0.37], P < .001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the NLR and MLR to distinguish dogs with MMVD C and D from those with MMVD B were 0.84 and 0.89, respectively. The optimal cutoff value for NLR was 4.296 (sensitivity, 68%; specificity, 83.95%), and the MLR value was 0.322 (sensitivity, 96%; specificity, 66.67%). NLR and MLR were significantly decreased after treatment in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF). CLINICAL RELEVANCE NLR and MLR can be used as adjunctive indicators of CHF in dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs may be predicted using neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio

Chae

Kim

et al. 2023

ajvr

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“…Another study conducted by Conway et al (2021) demonstrates that dogs with pneumonia had median 16.7 NEU/LYM and the NEU/LYM did not differ significantly between the survivors and non-survivors, nor did total WBC count or NEU count. Park et al (2022) also showed the NEU/LYM could be a biomarker for diagnosing meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology and distinguishing it from other intracranial diseases in dogs. The median NEU/LYM ratio was 6.08 in the meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (Park et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Park et al (2022) also showed the NEU/LYM could be a biomarker for diagnosing meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology and distinguishing it from other intracranial diseases in dogs. The median NEU/LYM ratio was 6.08 in the meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (Park et al, 2022). In the present study, we found a median NEU/LYM value as 31.9 in dogs with CDV infection which found significantly higher (P .000) when comparing the control median value of 6.39.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In humans, NEU/LYM, MONO/LYM and PLT/LYM ratios that can be calculated using WBC and is easily accessible accepted as an independent predictive index of morbidity and mortality in sepsis and the results have consistently shown that higher NEU/LYM, MONO/LYM and PLT/LYM ratios are independent diagnostic and prognostic markers (Zahorec, 2021). Today these ratios are also have been started to be studying in various disease of the dog and cat (Burton et al, 2013;Rejec et al, 2017;Troìa et al, 2017;Hodgson et al, 2018;Çakir & Pekmezci 2019;Benvenuti et al, 2020;Pierini et al, 2020;Becher et al, 2021;Conway et al, 2021;Gori et al, 2021;Neumann, 2021;Pekmezci & Çolak, 2021;Park et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Preliminary Study for Determination of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte, Monocyte to Lymphocyte and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratios in Dogs with Canine Distemper Virus Infection

Pekmezci

KONAÇOĞLU

Colak

2022

Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences

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It is aimed to compare the pretreatment Neutrophil/Lymphocyte (NEU/LYM), Monocyte/Lymphocyte (MONO/LYM), and Platelet/Lymphocyte (PLT/LYM) ratios with whole blood count (WBC) of dogs naturally infected Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) with healthy individuals within this preliminary study. For this purpose, retrospectively, 22 owned, 3-12 (6.2) months old dogs diagnosed with CDV infection found to be positive with rapid test kits based up on the records of Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, constituted the study group. On the other hand, eight owned, 2-10 (8.2) months old, and healthy dogs enrolled in the control group. In the comparison of pre-treatment NEU/LYM, MONO/LYM, PLT/LYM, and WBC parameters between the groups, we found only a statistical difference (P 0.05) between median LYM, EOS, NEU%, LYM%, EOS%, BAS%, MCH, MCHC, RDWCV, PLT with NEU/LYM, MONO/LYM, PLT/LYM ratios. The median NEU/LYM, MONO/LYM, and PLT/LYM levels in the CDV positive group were 31.9, 2.33, and 391.2, respectively, while the same values of the control group were determined as 6.39, 0.37 and 187.7, respectively. The optimized cut-off points of NEU/LYM, MONO/LYM, and PLT/LYM values in estimating CDV patients were also determined as NEU/LYM =7.6, MONO/LYM=0.61 and PLT/LYM=0.852, respectively. In conclusion, this preliminary study suggests that NEU/LYM, MONO/LYM, and PLT/LYM values may be inexpensive, objective, and non-invasive new marker candidates for clinicians to support the diagnosis of CDV infected dogs in suspicious circumstances.

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“…Sometimes it may also be difficult to determine whether the elevation of specific biomarkers coincide or precede clinical deterioration, thereby limiting their diagnostic utility. A further limitation is that, with some exceptions ( 105 ), comparisons have often not been made between findings in MUO and other neurological conditions. On the other hand, the more sophisticated technique of “immunosignaturing,” which determines patterns of serum antibody binding to a large array of peptides, was shown to discriminate between healthy dogs, dogs with brain tumors and dogs with MUO, including in a validation set ( 109 ), suggesting promise in discriminating different types of MUO in future (see below).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the treatment of meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin since 2009: A review of 671 cases

Jeffery

Granger

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“Meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin” (MUO)—a collective term for a group of clinically-indistinguishable (but pathologically distinct) autoimmune diseases of the CNS—has become increasingly commonly recognized throughout the world. In the 1960s−1980s the focus was primarily on the pathological description of these conditions and, largely anecdotally, their response to glucocorticoids. The subsequent availability of magnetic resonance imaging for companion animals led to a focus on imaging characteristics and response of MUO to various immunosuppressive medications. Previous reviews have not found clear evidence of superiority of any specific treatment regimen. Here, we review outcomes in a further 671 dogs treated with various combinations of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs and reported since 2009, aiming to determine whether recommendations can be drawn from the material published during more recent decades. We observe that: (i) there is more complete information on outcome of MUO-affected dogs solely receiving glucocorticoids and these reports provide evidence to undermine the dogma that MUO inevitably requires treatment with glucocorticoids plus an immunosuppressive drug; (ii) there is far more information on the pharmacokinetics of cytarabine delivered by a variety of routes, revealing that previous dosing and duration of administration in dogs with MUO may not have been optimal; and, (iii) there is a large number of cases that could be available for entry into multi-institutional randomized controlled trials. Finally, we suggest new research avenues that might aid future clinical trials in MUO through improved understanding of etiological triggers and individual patterns of immune response, such as the impact of the gut microbiome, the potential of CSF flow cytometry, and the establishment of robust clinical scores for evaluation of treatment success.

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Evaluation of the blood neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as a biomarker for meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology in dogs

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs may be predicted using neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio

Severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs may be predicted using neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio

A Preliminary Study for Determination of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte, Monocyte to Lymphocyte and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratios in Dogs with Canine Distemper Virus Infection

New insights into the treatment of meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin since 2009: A review of 671 cases

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