Objective-The objective was to determine if intermittent, low-dose, short-acting GnRH agonist (GnRHag) administration up-regulates pituitary-gonadal function in gonadotropin deficiency (GnD) sufficiently to be of diagnostic or therapeutic value.Design/Intervention-Low-dose leuprolide acetate was administered SC at 4-5 d intervals up to one year.Patients-Adult volunteers and GnD patients were studied.Setting-The studies were performed in a General Clinical Research Center.
Main Outcome Measures-LH, FSH, and sex steroid responses were determined.Results-In normal men and women, low-dose GnRHag repetitively transiently stimulated gonadotropins in a gender-dimorphic manner. In congenitally GnD deficient men (n=6) and women (n=1), none of whom had a normal LH response to an initial GnRHag test dose, this regimen consistently stimulated LH to the normal baseline range within two weeks. Long-term GnRHag administration to a partially GnD man did not alleviate hypogonadism, however. Women with hypothalamic amenorrhea (n=2) responded normally to a single GnRHag injection; however, repeated dosing did not seem to induce the normal priming effect.Conclusions-The subnormal LH response to GnRHag of congenital GnD normalized in response to repetitive intermittent GnRHag, but not sufficiently to improve hypogonadism. Hypothalamic amenorrhea patients lacked the priming response to repeated GnRHag, but otherwise had normal hormonal responses to GnRHag. We conclude that intermittent administration of a short-acting GnRHag is of potential diagnostic value in distinguishing hypothalamic from pituitary causes of GnD.