Evaluation of the Child with Short Stature

Mehlman, Charles T.; Ain, Michael C.

doi:10.1016/j.ocl.2015.06.006

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Short stature is defined by individual height that is two standard deviations (SDs) or more below the average height for age, sex, and ethnic group or more than two SDs below midparental height. There is a broad differential to consider with the diagnosis of short stature that includes variants of normal growth (familial short stature, constitutional delay of growth and puberty, small for gestational age with failure of catch-up growth, and early puberty) but also pathologic etiologies including genetic disorders (Prader-Willi, Turner Syndrome, Noonan Syndrome), chronic systemic disease, long-term steroid use, nutritional deficiencies, malignancies, and primary endocrine abnormalities [19,[21][22][23][24]. Growth hormone deficiency is estimated to affect 1/3500 children [22,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and endocrine function in children with Dravet syndrome

Eschbach

Scarbro

Juaréz-Colunga

et al. 2017

Seizure

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and endocrine function in children with Dravet syndrome

Eschbach

Scarbro

Juaréz-Colunga

et al. 2017

Seizure

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“…The initial step in the evaluation of a subject with short stature is to determine whether it is proportionate or disproportionate and whether any dysmorphic features exist. Proportionate short stature defines an unusually small person, whose body parts are appropriate for the age, whereas in disproportionate short stature, the limbs are small compared with the trunk ( 12 , 13 ). As seen in the drawings, none of the dwarfs exhibited disproportionality between trunk and limbs, which excludes congenital and acquired causes of disproportionate short stature.…”

Section: The Unusual Suspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs: a fairytale for endocrinologists

Zervas

Chrousos

Livadas

2021

Endocrine Connections

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'Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs', a fairytale that is widely known across the Western world, was originally written by the Brothers Grimm, and published in 1812. Though each dwarf was first given an individual name in the 1912 Broadway play by the same title, in Walt Disney's 1937 film 'Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs', they were renamed, and their names have become household words. As it is well known, myths, fables, and fairytales, though appearing to be merely children’s tales about made-up and magical beings and places, have, more often than not, originated from real facts. Therefore, the presence in the story of seven brothers with short stature is, from an endocrinological point of view, highly intriguing, in fact, thrilling. The diversity of the phenotypes among the seven dwarfs is also stimulating , although puzzling. We undertook a differential diagnosis of their common underlying disorder based on the original Disney production drawings and the unique characteristics of these little gentlemen, while we additionally evaluated several causes of short stature and, focusing on endocrine disorders that could lead to these clinical features among siblings, and we have, we believe, been able to reveal the underlying disease depicted in this archetypal tale.

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“…Whereas for children with disproportionate short stature, the causes are commonly skeletal dysplasia or rickets. Depending on the part of the skeleton that is affected, disproportionate short-stature is further classified into short-limb dwarfism and short-trunk dwarfism [23]. There are three types of limb-shortening: rhizomelic (involving proximal parts of limb), mesomelic (involving middle parts of limb) and acromelic (involving hands and feet).…”

Section: Etiology Short Staturementioning

confidence: 99%

Orthopedic concerns of a child with short stature

Liau

Wang

Lin

et al. 2021

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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Purpose of review Pediatric short stature poses severe concerns to the patient, parents, and physicians. Management for pediatric short stature is still widely debated due to heterogenous etiological factors and treatment options. This review will address the approach to pediatric short stature, commonly within the subset of skeletal dysplasia resulting in disproportionate short stature. The following will be discussed: the etiology, clinical, and radiological evaluations, and management for pediatric short stature. Recent findings Early recognition of short stature and appropriate referrals is shown to benefit the patient and reduce parental concern. A multidisciplinary team, comprising an orthopedic surgeon, is fundamental to provide holistic care and ensure overall good quality of life. Advancements in clinical diagnostic tools and diversified treatment modalities today provides optimism in managing pediatric short stature. Summary Skeletal dysplasia can be treated with good prognosis if diagnosed and managed early. Thorough clinical, radiological, laboratory, and even genetic investigations are important to differentiate and manage various types of skeletal dysplasia. Our review will provide a comprehensive and up-to-date approach to skeletal dysplasia for pediatric orthopedic surgeons, and indications for physicians to refer patients with suspected short stature to pediatric orthopedic surgeons.

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Evaluation of the Child with Short Stature

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

Growth and endocrine function in children with Dravet syndrome

Growth and endocrine function in children with Dravet syndrome

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs: a fairytale for endocrinologists

Orthopedic concerns of a child with short stature

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