Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of a water soluble formulation of tylvalosin in the control of enzootic pneumonia associated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida in pigs

Abstract

Background The efficacy of a water soluble formulation of tylvalosin (Aivlosin® 625 mg/g granules) was evaluated in the treatment and metaphylaxis of Enzootic Pneumonia (EP) in pigs. In all four trials, pigs in the tylvalosin group were administered 10 mg tylvalosin/kg bodyweight in drinking water daily for 5 consecutive days (TVN). In a single-challenge study, pigs were inoculated with lung homogenate containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. In a dual challenge study, pigs were sequentially inoculated with pure culture of M. hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. Efficacy was evaluated based on reduction of lung lesions compared to unmedicated control pigs (CTL). In two field studies at European commercial farms with confirmed outbreaks of EP, treatment efficacy in clinically affected fatteners was evaluated based on improved clinical conditions compared to pigs treated with tylosin at 10 mg/kg by injection for 3 consecutive days (TYL). In these field trials, healthy in contact pigs were enrolled for metaphylaxis efficacy evaluation based on reduction in incidence of new clinical cases of respiratory disease compared to unmedicated pigs (CTL). Results In the M. hyopneumoniae-only challenge study, pigs in TVN group had lower lung lesion scores than CTL (6.52 vs. 14.97; p < 0.001). In the dual challenge study with M. hyopneumoniae and P. multocida, pigs in TVN group had lower lung lesion scores than CTL (3.32 vs. 8.37; p < 0.01) and the recovery of both challenge bacteria from the lungs was lower in TVN compared with CTL group (p < 0.01). In field outbreaks of EP, multicentre analysis showed that 13 days after the start of medication, treatment success for TVN pigs was significantly better than for TYL pigs (80.0% vs 48.7% p = 0.03) and metaphylactic administration of TVN significantly reduced the incidence of new clinical cases (2.1% vs. 7.8%; p < 0.01) compared with unmedicated controls. Conclusions Tylvalosin at 10 mg/kg daily for 5 days in drinking water was safe and effective in the treatment and metaphylaxis of EP in pigs associated with infections of M. hyopneumoniae either alone or in combination with P. multocida under both experimental challenge and field natural infection conditions.

Influence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae natural infection on the respiratory microbiome diversity of finishing pigs

“…However, P. multocida relative frequency was also higher in H2, which could have worsened the lung lesions in H2, as reported previously [ 22 – 24 ]. P. multocida is a secondary pathogen that in combined infections with M. hyopneumoniae results in more severe pneumonia and clinical disease [ 1 , 20 , 23 , 25 , 26 ]. Besides, MLCL values in H1 were significantly lower than H2 and H3 even though the relative frequency of P. multocida was higher.…”

Tylvalosin Tartrate Improves the Health Status of Swine Herds during Immunization with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus-Inactivated Vaccine

“…in pigs to reduce the level of pathogen infection and the occurrence lung lesions and to improve the average daily feed consumption and feed conversion efficiency, etc. [ 26 , 37 ]. Tylvalosin tartrate has also been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in different models, including PRRSV infection, which decreased IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-alpha concentrations induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or PRRSV treatment in vitro or in vivo [ 27 , 38 ].…”

“…The active ingredient of tylvalosin tartrate is the tartrate salt of tylvalosin, which belongs to macrolide, and was authorized for pigs in the EU in 2004 [ 25 ]. Tylvalosin is currently used to control respiratory and enteric bacterial infections in poultry and swine herds [ 26 ]. In addition, the administration of tylvalosin tartrate can enhance macrophage phagocytic activity, as well as reduce oxidative stress and decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine expression [ 27 ].…”

Recent Advances in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus NADC30-Like Research in China: Molecular Characterization, Pathogenicity, and Control

“…Tylvalosin is a member of third-generation macrolides, which has broad-spectrum activity and can exert a variety of pharmacological effects. It is often used to control the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in swine farms, and the premix formulation (Aivlosin 42.5 mg/g premix for medicated feedstuff) and oral powder formulation (Aivlosin 42.5 mg/g oral powder for pigs) are licensed in the EU for the treatment and metaphylaxis of EP ( CVMP European Public Assessment Report [EPAR], 2013 ; Lopez Rodriguez et al, 2020 ). The Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) European public assessment report (EPAR) for Aivlosin is available online.…”