Evaluation of the combination of a tissue-type plasminogen activator, SUN9216, and a thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, vapiprost, in a rat middle cerebral artery thrombosis model.

Abstract

Background and Purpose: We aimed to evaluate a modified tissue-type plasminogen activator, SUN9216, and the combination of SUN9216 and a thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, vapiprost, in a rat middle cerebral artery thrombosis model.Methods: Under anesthesia, the left middle cerebral artery was observed under an operation microscope without cutting the dura mater via a subtemporal craniotomy. Photoillumination (wave length, 540 nm) was applied to the middle cerebral artery, and then rose bengal (20 mg/kg) was administered intravenously. The reopening of the middle cerebral artery by SUN9216, injected 30 minutes after middle cerebral artery occlusion, was observed under an operation microscope for a 60-minute observation

Novel PET Probes18F-BCPP-EF and18F-BCPP-BF for Mitochondrial Complex I: A PET Study in Comparison with18F-BMS-747158-02 in Rat Brain

“…The reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in cell injury associated with cortical ischemia and reperfusion. The PIT model has been considered as the most relevant to the pathologic cascade occurring after clinical infarction among the experimental ischemic rodent models (24). Thus, the reperfusioninjurylike phenomenon, occurring after clinical infarction, could be involved in the progress of more severe brain damage than a permanent occlusion model (32,33), suggesting that reperfusion-related ROS production may in part contribute to neuronal damage of reperfusion injury.…”

“…For PET imaging of ischemic neuronal damage, 18 F-BCPP-EF or 18 F-FDG was injected 1 (day 1) and 7 d (day 7) after the ischemic insult with photochemically induced thrombosis (PIT) as reported previously (12,16,24).…”

Photochemically Induced Endothelial Injury in the Mouse as a Screening Model for Inhibitors of Vascular Intimal Thickening

“…In the current study, we adapted a photochemical model of thrombosis 6,7 to induce intimal thickening due to neointimal formation in the mouse femoral artery and investigated the uninjured artery); B, immediately after injury; C, D, and E are 2, 7, and 21 days after injury, respectively. Evans blue dye penetrated the injured segment immediately after endothelial injury.…”

“…6,7 In brief, a total of 176 male ICR mice (5 weeks old, 25 to 30 g) were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (80 mg/kg IP), and a cannula was inserted into the jugular vein for rose Bengal injection. The right femoral artery was carefully exposed, and the probe of a laser monitor (model ALF 2100, Advance Co) was attached to the branch point of the deep femoral artery distal to the inguinal ligament for monitoring blood flow.…”

“…6,7 This model represents a nonmechanical and noninvasive method of achieving vessel wall denudation. 6,7 In this study, we adapted this photochemical model of thrombosis to induce intimal thickening in the mouse femoral artery. The mouse has considerable advantages over other animals such as the rat, rabbit, and guinea pig.…”