Evaluation of the Cross-Border Activation of the Regulating Reserve with Dynamic Simulations

Topler, Marcel; Polajžer, Boštjan

doi:10.1109/eeeic/icpseurope49358.2020.9160647

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The results confirmed the conclusions in [20][21][22][23], where the INP and CBRR were analyzed separately. The results of the step change of load and the random load variation confirmed that the impact of the INP and CBRR on frequency deviations has no unambiguous conclusions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…However, the quality of the frequency is continually decreasing [27]. Therefore, the impact of the INP and the CBRR on the frequency quality, the LFC, and performance in a three-CA test system was examined separately in [20,22] with dynamic simulations. In [21], the impact of INP on power-system dynamics is shown and an eigenvalue analysis of a two-CA system is conducted.…”

Section: Contribution and Structure Of The Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic principle of the CBRR operation and a steady-state correction-value calculation with the CBRR for three CAs is given in [22]. The same control-demand concept is used for the CBRR as is currently used for the INP, and a schematic block diagram representation is shown in Figure 4 [3].…”

Section: Cbrrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. , P CBRR corN is determined by the CBRR optimization module, considering numerous target functions, as given in [22].…”

Section: Cbrrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that a virtual tie-line means an additional input of the controllers of the cooperating CAs that has the same effect as a measuring value of a physical interconnector and allows exchange of electric energy between the cooperating CAs [1]. The main objectives of the INP optimization are given in [20,21], whereas the main objectives of the CBRR optimization are given in [22,23]. There has been a surge in the application of machine learning and statistical framework to solve similar problems focused in this paper.…”

Section: Introduction 1motivation and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of the Simultaneous Operation of the Mechanisms for Cross-Border Interchange and Activation of the Regulating Reserves

Topler

Polajžer

2021

Applied Sciences

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article examines the mechanisms for cross-border interchange of the regulating reserves (RRs), i.e., the imbalance-netting process (INP) and the cross-border activation of the RRs (CBRR). Both mechanisms are an additional service of frequency restoration reserves in the power system and connect different control areas (CAs) via virtual tie-lines to release RRs and reduce balancing energy. The primary objective of the INP is to net the demand for RRs between the cooperating CAs with different signs of interchange power variation. In contrast, the primary objective of the CBRR is to activate the RRs in the cooperating CAs with matching signs of interchange power variation. In this way, the ancillary services market and the European balancing system should be improved. However, both the INP and CBRR include a frequency term and thus impact the frequency response of the cooperating CAs. Therefore, the impact of the simultaneous operation of the INP and CBRR on the load-frequency control (LFC) and performance is comprehensively evaluated with dynamic simulations of a three-CA testing system, which no previous studies investigated before. In addition, a function for correction power adjustment is proposed to prevent the undesirable simultaneous activation of the INP and CBRR. In this way, area control error (ACE) and scheduled control power are decreased since undesired correction is prevented. The dynamic simulations confirmed that the simultaneous operation of the INP and CBRR reduced the balancing energy and decreased the unintended exchange of energy. Consequently, the LFC and performance were improved in this way. However, the impact of the INP and CBRR on the frequency quality has no unambiguous conclusions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%