Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of Allium cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae) root cells after exposure in water samples of five lakes of Alta Floresta, State of Mato Grosso

Abstract

This study evaluated genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of water samples through the analysis of Allium cepa root cells exposed to samples from five urban lakes of Alta Floresta, state of Mato Grosso. The samples were obtained in the dry and rainy periods, October 2014 and April 2015, respectively, at five distinct points. The collection points were as follows: Lake 01, located in MT 206; Lake 02, in Avenida Perimetral Rogério Silva; Lake 03, in Sector C; Lake 04 on Teles Pires Avenue; and Lake 05, in the Cidade Bela District. Bioassays using Allium cepa bulbs were taken from the water at each point, and comparisons were made with the negative and positive controls. The results found the presence of genotoxic and cytotoxic activities on the roots of A. cepa, indicating high potential in cell cycle inhibition. This result may also be caused by the influences of seasonal periods, taking into account that in the rainy season there is a greater transport of cytotoxic substances by rainwater, and in the dry season, a higher concentration of pollutants due to the reduction of water volume, resulting in a greater interaction of the concentrators as well as a greater concentration of the elements found in the water of these lagoons.

Evaluation of Water Quality of Buritis Lake

“…Five urban lakes were evaluated by water samples using the A. cepa test and the presence of mutagenic and cytotoxic activities were detected, with a high potential for inhibition of the cell cycle, indicating that the results experience seasonal influences. During drought, there is a higher concentration of pollutants due to the reduction in the volume of water and greater transport of cytotoxic substances in the rain [70].…”

The in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental findings of Nephrolepis exaltata

“…It is known that the standard battery for determining genotoxicity includes the assessment of mutagenic damage, using bacterial reverse gene mutation assay to detect relevant genetic changes as well as most genotoxic carcinogens for rodents and humans (Maron and Ames, 1983;Mortelmans and Zeiger, 2000). Thus, aiming to secure safety to N. exaltata plant, genotoxic studies were carried out by Allium cepa assay, an ideal bioindicator for the first screening of genotoxicity (Ramos et al, 2020), and also toxicity determination by Salmonella/microsome assay. Besides, since organophosphate insecticides inhibit the plasmatic cholinesterase enzyme (ChE) causing bradycardia, and inhibit the twitches of a nerve-muscle preparation, the insecticide effect of hydroalcoholic N. exaltata extract was evaluated through ChE determination and on neuromuscular twitches.…”

Potencial Genotóxico, Mutagênico E Citotóxico Da Água Do Igarapé São Francisco, Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil

“…Através da verificação do índice mitótico é possível avaliar o nível de citotoxicidade nas células após exposição às amostras, conforme o registro das alterações no índice mitótico das células de A. cepa identificou-se significância estatística (p<0,01) no ponto 10 e (p<0,05) nos pontos 1, 2 e 9 ao apresentarem diminuição significativa no IM em relação à nascente. Estudos sugerem que a diminuição significativa dos índices mitóticos comparados à nascente pode estar relacionada à concentração de contaminantes químicos ou biológicos que possam estar presentes na extensão dos cursos de água ou em regiões pontuais, que afetam o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das células (ATHANÁSIO; PRÁ;RIEGER, 2016;LV et al, 2015;LIU et al, 2016; VASEEM et al, 2016; DUARTE et al, 2017;RAMOS et al, 2020), enquanto que a água da nascente, que é naturalmente filtrada pelosolo, apresenta boa qualidade para o consumo, podendo favorecer o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das células (ZANIN; BONUMÁ; CHAFFE, 2013; CUNHA, et al, 2020). No período de estiagem, os pontos 3, 4, 6 e 9 foram significantes (p<0,01) em relação a nascente ao expressarem, os maiores índices mitóticos.…”