Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cyprodinil in vitro

Abstract

Introduction. Cyprodinil is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide of the anilinopyrimidine class. Available literature data on the genotoxicity of this pesticide are contradictory. The aim of the work is to study the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of ciprodinil. Material and methods. The mutation activity of cyprodinil was assessed in the Ames test. The level of DNA fragmentation in peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by conducting alkaline gel electrophoresis of individual cells (DNA comet assay). Cell viability was assessed using a TC20 cell counter (BioRad). The ADAMII LS automated fluorescent cell analyzer (Nano Entek) was used to determine the pathways of cell death. Results. Cyprodinil has a cytotoxic effect on S. typhimurium bacterial cells starting from a concentration of 1.6 mg/ cup under metabolic activation conditions and at concentrations of 0.5 mg/cup and higher in the absence of the S9 mixture. No mutagenic effect was detected in the Ames test. The level of DNA breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes (%, Tail Intensity) increased compared to the control after their cultivation in a medium with cyprodinil at a concentration of 100 μg/ml in the absence of metabolic activation. In this case, 70 to 95% of the cells died by apoptosis and necrosis. Limitations. The study is limited to in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment of cyprodinil only. Conclusion. Cyprodinil does not have a genotoxic effect. The observed increase in the level of DNA breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro in the presence of cyprodinil is a consequence of the general toxic effect, which can lead to the destruction of cellular structures, the release of enzymes, including endonucleases, causing DNA breaks.