Context
The genus
Sideritis
L. (Lamiaceae) is represented by 46 species in Turkey with an 79% endemism ratio, 42 of 46 belonging to the section Empodoclia.
Objective
In this review article,
Sideritis
species growing in Turkey have been evaluated for phytochemical constituents and biological activities.
Methods
The data for the isolates, components and extracts of the Anatolian
Sideritis
species and their bioactivity studies were retrieved from the main databases WoS, Scopus and PubMed from 1975 until 31 December 2022.
Results
In this review article, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics and other secondary metabolites isolated from Turkish
Sideritis
species were reported. Anatolian
Sideritis
species, which primarily consist of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, were studied in detail.
Sideritis
plants are represented by 46 species in Turkey, and 25 of them were investigated for their diterpenoids through isolation or LC–MS studies. Most of the diterpenoids of Turkish
Sideritis
species have
ent
-kaurene skeleton, among them linearol, siderol, 7-
epi
candicandiol and sideridiol were found to be the main compounds. Exceptionally, labdane, pimarane and beyerene diterpenoids were only found in a few species. For phenolics and flavonoids, only 12 species were investigated until now, and they were found to be rich in phenylethanoid glycosides and flavonoid glycosides. In terms of activity, most of the species were tested for antioxidant activity, followed by antimicrobial and anti-ulcer/anti-inflammatory activities. Their cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, antinociceptive and antistress activities were less frequently studied.
Conclusions
Sideritis
species should be considered promising therapeutic agents in the treatment of upper respiratory tract and ulcer/inflammatory diseases.