Evaluation of the effect of the 2011 Tsunami on coastal forests by means of multiple isotopic analyses of tree-rings

Caceres, Maximo Larry Lopez; Nakano, Sayako; Ferrio, Juan Pedro; Hayashi, Mika; Nakatsuka, Takeshi; Sano, Masaki; Yamanaka, Toshiro; Nobori, Yoshihiro

doi:10.1080/10256016.2018.1495203

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…McDowell et al, ). However, the recent exposure of seawater to downstream soils at BC was unlikely to cause the shifts in Δ we observed (Nakano et al, ) considering that surface seawater is generally depleted in nitrogen, a limiting nutrient for marine primary production (Codispoti, ), and marine sediments on the Washington coast have carbon to nitrogen ratios within the same range as terrestrial soils (Hedges & Oades, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Constrained tree growth and gas exchange of seawater‐exposed forests in the Pacific Northwest, USA

et al. 2019

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1. Rising sea levels under climate change may have significant impacts on coastal vegetation dynamics, yet the response of coastal forest growth, gas exchange and survival to seawater intrusion remains poorly documented.2. We conducted a dendroecology study across six sites in western Washington, USA, to examine how tree growth, gas exchange (indexed by basal area increment (BAI) and wood δ 13 C respectively), and survival varies with seawater exposure through two approaches. First, tree core samples were collected at a site where seawater exposure started only 4 years prior to sampling, which allowed a cause-and-effect test of the impacts of seawater exposure on trees, and second, samples were collected at five additional sites where we compared downstream to upstream trees under current sea-level conditions. 3. At the seawater intrusion site, BAI and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in the year of intrusion (2014) and stayed unchanged thereafter. Four years later (2018), the percentage of recently standing dead trees in the forest was 73.0% of the basal area. Across the regional assessment, percentage of standing dead trees was significantly greater in downstream than upstream forests at five of the six sites (averaged 37.7 ± 11.0% and 4.3 ± 2.1% basal area for downstream and upstream, respectively). Growth was significantly lower (p < 0.01) at the downstream than upstream for five sites, and Δ was lower for all needle-leaf trees (three sites) on the downstream compared to the upstream, but no difference was observed between downstream and upstream for broad-leaf trees (three sites). Synthesis.Combined both the cause-and-effect manipulative study and the regional assessment demonstrate that seawater exposure drives reductions in growth, decreased Δ of needle-leaf trees, increased mortality and greater climate sensitivity, regardless of whether the seawater exposure is recent or long-term. K E Y W O R D Scoastal forests, sea-level rise, seawater, tree growth, tree mortality, tree-ring δ 13 C

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Constrained tree growth and gas exchange of seawater‐exposed forests in the Pacific Northwest, USA

et al. 2019

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“…If the result was negative, then its impact must be minimized, and on the contrary, if the result was positive, then it must be improved so that it would become adaptive in the future. The condition demands strategies to achieve better community resilience to tsunami disaster threat [18][19] [20]. Resilience always involves risk factors and protective factors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Disaster Mitigation in Carita with Environmental Learning in Elementary School

Rahmayanti

Soesilo

Sari

et al. 2021

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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This study analyzes the profile of Carita people in the efforts of tsunami disaster mitigation and the role of environmental learning in coping with the disaster, then analyzes the use of environmental learning. The method used is a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative methods. The quantitative method measures various community readiness levels in performing disaster mitigation, whereas the qualitative method is utilized to obtain various further information from the communities using interview technique. There were 88 randomly selected respondents participating in this research. The study results indicate a low land utilization density (below 33%). Indicators suggest a good category, namely: people evacuate when a disaster occurs (86%), rescue during a disaster (96.59%), and try to find new livelihoods (82.95%). In addition, public knowledge of disaster evacuation route is at a good level (87.50%) and there is an increase of 39.77% respondents with improved knowledge after the tsunami disaster occurred. Environmental learning, in this case, plays an important role to provide information to the public relating the efforts in disaster mitigation. The conclusion is that community’s disaster mitigation readiness still requires some improvement through various efforts, one of them is environmental learning with learning media in elementary school.

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“…Catastrophic tsunami inundation events along the Sumatra and Japanese coasts showed tsunamis have a devastating effect on coastal forests, damaging trees and severely eroded and alter the beach and estuary geomorphology [e.g. Kathiresan and Rajendran, 2005;Udo et al, 2012;Lopez Caceres et al, 2018]. It is expected that inundation by a tsunami would cause significant ring-growth reduction due to physical impact from the wave, prolonged exposure to salt-water, and from tsunami debris that would also physically impact the tree.…”

Section: Tsunami Induced Tree-ring Growth Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing local impacts of the A.D. 1700 Cascadia earthquake and tsunami using tree ring growth histories: A case study in South Beach, Oregon, U.S.A.

Dziak¹,

Black²,

Wei³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. We present a spatially focused investigation of the disturbance history of an old-growth Douglass fir stand in South Beach, Oregon for possible growth effects due to tsunami inundation caused by the A.D. 1700 Cascadia subduction zone earthquake. A high-resolution model of the 1700 tsunami run-up heights at South Beach, assuming an L sized earthquake, is also presented to better estimate the inundation levels several kilometers inland at the old-growth site. This tsunami model indicates the South Beach fir stand would have been subjected to local inundation depths from 0–10 m. Growth chronologies collected from the fir stand shows several trees experienced significant growth reductions before, during and several years after 1700, consistent with the tsunami inundation estimates. The +/-1–3 year timing of the South Beach disturbances are also consistent with disturbances previously observed at a Washington state coastal forest ~220 km to the north. Additional comparison of the South Beach chronologies with regional chronologies across Oregon indicates the South Beach stand growth was significantly and unusually lower in 1700. Moreover, the 1700 South Beach growth reductions were not the largest over the 110-year tree chronology at this location. with other disturbances likely caused by other climate drivers (e.g. drought or windstorms). Our study represents a first step in using tree growth history to ground-truth tsunami inundation models by providing site specific physical evidence.

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Evaluation of the effect of the 2011 Tsunami on coastal forests by means of multiple isotopic analyses of tree-rings

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Constrained tree growth and gas exchange of seawater‐exposed forests in the Pacific Northwest, USA

Constrained tree growth and gas exchange of seawater‐exposed forests in the Pacific Northwest, USA

Analysis of Disaster Mitigation in Carita with Environmental Learning in Elementary School

Assessing local impacts of the A.D. 1700 Cascadia earthquake and tsunami using tree ring growth histories: A case study in South Beach, Oregon, U.S.A.

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