Evaluation of the effect of water type on the toxicity of nitrate to aquatic organisms

Baker, Josh A.; Gilron, Guy; Chalmers, Ben A.; Elphick, James R.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.059

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, the antiviral activity in vivo and the environmental toxicity of Mor remain unknown in aquatic ecosystems. The acute toxicity tests with fish and other representative organisms in aquatic systems have played a major role in drug safety assessments (Baker, Gilron, Chalmers, & Elphick, ; Yu, Hao, Ling, & Wang, ). Aquatic vegetation and algae are the primary producers of aquatic environment, keeping balance and stability of water ecological system, and directly or indirectly adjusting the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems (Ricardo, Virgile, & René, ; Zhang et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo antiviral efficacy of moroxydine hydrochloride against grass carp reovirus and the drug safety assessment

Hao

Ling

et al. 2020

Aquac Res

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Our previous studies have verified that moroxydine hydrochloride (Mor) could inhibit replication of grass carp reovirus (GCRV) and suppress apoptosis of Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney cells, but be lack of information whether exists on antiviral activity in vivo. The paper was undertaken to explore the antiviral response of Mor against GCRV in grass carp and investigate the safety of drug for aquatic organisms. The results showed that injection treatment of Mor could more effectively inhibit GCRV replication than immersion administration. All the RNA systheses of vp3 and vp6 on day 7 in head kidney, gill, hepatopancreas and dorsal muscle in the Mor injection group were lesser than 0.07‐fold than that of in control group. And the GCRV‐inducing grass carp mortality was effectively controlled within 7 days post Mor injection therapy. Additionally, the reduction of superoxide dismutase activity, total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity in serum was effectively controlled by Mor. Moreover, drug safety assessment results showed that 500 mg/L of Mor was safe to C. idella, Bacillus subtilis, Chlorella vulgaris and Tetrahymena thermophila, which was far higher than the therapeutic concentration. The present study proved Mor as harmless formulations or products had potential value in the control of GCRV in aquaculture, with the advantage of super in vivo antiviral activity and environmental safety.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo antiviral efficacy of moroxydine hydrochloride against grass carp reovirus and the drug safety assessment

Hao

Ling

et al. 2020

Aquac Res

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“…Aside from the fact that Baker et al (2017) tested their midges using a beach‐collected sand supplemented with peat as substrate whereas we tested ours over the silica sand, it is difficult to account for the vast difference in effect levels. However, Baker et al (2017) used third instar midges (~10 d after hatching), whereas we used second instar (~7 d) midges. Previous experiments have suggested that the acute sensitivity of midge larvae was greater for earlier instar larval midges than the later instars, in some cases by several fold (Nebeker et al 1984; Williams et al 1986).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Sodium Nitrate and Sodium Sulfate to Several Freshwater Organisms in Water‐Only Exposures

Wang

Dorman

Ivey

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Elevated nitrate (NO3) and sulfate (SO4) in surface water are of global concern, and studies are needed to generate toxicity data to develop environmental guideline values for NO3 and SO4. The present study was designed to fill existing gaps in toxicity databases by determining the acute and/or chronic toxicity of NO3 (tested as NaNO3) to a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea), a midge (Chironomus dilutus), a fish (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss), and 2 amphibians (Hyla versicolor and Lithobates sylvaticus), and to determine the acute and/or chronic toxicity of SO4 (tested as Na2SO4) to 2 unionid mussels (L. siliquoidea and Villosa iris), an amphipod (Hyalella azteca), and 2 fish species (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas and O. mykiss). Among the different test species, acute NO3 median effect concentrations (EC50s) ranged from 189 to >883 mg NO3‐N/L, and chronic NO3 20% effect concentrations (EC20s) based on the most sensitive endpoint ranged from 9.6 to 47 mg NO3‐N/L. The midge was the most sensitive species, and the trout was the least sensitive species in both acute and chronic NO3 exposures. Acute SO4 EC50s for the 2 mussel species (2071 and 2064 mg SO4/L) were similar to the EC50 for the amphipod (2689 mg SO4/L), whereas chronic EC20s for the 2 mussels (438 and 384 mg SO4/L) were >2‐fold lower than the EC20 of the amphipod (1111 mg SO4/L), indicating the high sensitivity of mussels in chronic SO4 exposures. However, the fathead minnow, with an EC20 of 374 mg SO4/L, was the most sensitive species in chronic SO4 exposures whereas the rainbow trout was the least sensitive species (EC20 > 3240 mg SO4/L). The high sensitivity of fathead minnow was consistent with the finding in a previous chronic Na2SO4 study. However, the EC20 values from the present study conducted in test water containing a higher potassium concentration (3 mg K/L) were >2‐fold greater than those in the previous study at a lower potassium concentration (1 mg K/L), which confirmed the influence of potassium on chronic Na2SO4 toxicity to the minnow. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1071–1085. © 2020 SETAC

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“…A 7‐day exposure of breeding zebrafish, Danio rerio , to 31 mg/L of nitrate‐N did not affect egg production compared to the control (Shilling, ). Ionic composition of culture water is also a factor, as the toxicity of nitrate to fathead minnows was shown to be reduced as hardness levels increased (Baker, Gilron, Chalmers, & Elphick, ). Overall, fathead minnows are relatively tolerant to nitrate (Scott & Crunkilton, ).…”

Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fathead minnow reproduction: Implications for commercial culture

Stone¹,

Roy

Park³

2018

J World Aquaculture Soc

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The fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, is widely used as a bait, forage, and research fish in the United States. A hardy and fecund fish, this species has many attributes that are excellent for culture. Unfortunately, despite the widespread use of fathead minnows in toxicity testing and thousands of resulting publications, relatively little aquaculture‐related research has been conducted in support of commercial production. On the surface, current commercial fathead minnow production practices appear much the same as those of a decade ago. However, producers continue to refine culture methods, balancing broodfish stocking rates, spawning substrate quantity, and feeding rates in an attempt to meet both losses to predators and market demand. This review examines relevant reproduction‐related studies in the fields of ecology, behavior, toxicology, and aquaculture with the goal of advancing fathead minnow culture. In fathead minnow production, relative to the culture of food fish species, reproduction is vital, more so than rapid growth or a low feed conversion ratio. Fish numbers may exceed 1 million fish/ha, while feeding rates are relatively low and in feeder fish production, growth is deliberately restrained in order to maintain fish within market sizes year‐round. Underappreciated factors identified as affecting reproduction and with implications for commercial culture include: (a) poor egg adhesion to commonly used spawning substrates, (b) egg and fry cannibalism at high fish densities, and (c) the relatively short breeding period of individual males. Results highlight the importance of selecting an appropriate broodfish stocking rate based on fish size, anticipated pond fertility, and feeding program. New methods to improve reproductive performance will likely increase costs and will need to be accompanied by thorough economic analyses.

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Evaluation of the effect of water type on the toxicity of nitrate to aquatic organisms

Cited by 31 publications

References 21 publications

In vivo antiviral efficacy of moroxydine hydrochloride against grass carp reovirus and the drug safety assessment

In vivo antiviral efficacy of moroxydine hydrochloride against grass carp reovirus and the drug safety assessment

Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Sodium Nitrate and Sodium Sulfate to Several Freshwater Organisms in Water‐Only Exposures

Fathead minnow reproduction: Implications for commercial culture

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