Evaluation of the Effect of Ciprofloxacin and Vancomycin on Mechanical Properties of PMMA Cement; a Preliminary Study on Molecular Weight

Abstract

Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) is commonly used in joint replacement therapy for prevention and treatment of bone infection and mechanical properties of the cement is still an important issue.The effects of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin was investigated on mechanical characterization of PMMA bone cement. Different properties of cement containing (0, 2.5, 5 and 10% W/W) antibiotics, including compressive and bending properties, microstructural, porosity and density were evaluated. Both antibiotics significantly reduced the density values and mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strength and modulus) in all groups in comparison to control over first two weeks (p < 0.05). This reduction was due to increased porosity upon antibiotic addition (3.05 and 3.67% for ciprofloxacin and vancomycin, respectively) in comparison to control (2.08%) (p < 0.001) and exposure to aqueous medium. Vancomycin as antibiotic with higher molecular weight (MW = 1485) had significant effect on compressive strength reduction of the cement at high amount compared to ciprofloxacin (MW = 367) (P < 0.01), there was no difference between two antibiotics at lower concentrations (P > 0.05). The effect of antibiotic loading is both molecular weight and drug content dependent. The time is also an important parameter and the second week is the probably optimum time to study mechanical behavior of ALBC.

The Role of Chitosan and Graphene Oxide in Bioactive and Antibacterial Properties of Acrylic Bone Cements

“…The use of ALBC is a common practice in arthroplasty; however, the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to the prolonged use of antibiotics makes the treatment of infections even more difficult [132,136]. Additionally, losses in mechanical properties due to the increase in the number of antibiotics that surgeons generally use to reduce the risk of infections rise, generating a premature implant with failures [26,137,138]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternatives to antibiotics for the treatment of infections.…”

Fracture Behavior of Two Biopolymers Containing Notches: Effects of Notch Tip Plasticity

“…Thus, using K IC * = 1.41 MPa.m 0.5 and σ f * = 87.4 MPa in Equations (1) and (2), the r c and d c values for the EMC-MTS and EMC-MS coupled criteria were 0.04 mm and 0.16 mm, respectively. Finally, the fracture loads by the EMC-MTS and EMC-MS criteria can be calculated according to Equations (11) and (12). Equation 11, for the MTS criterion, includes the tangential stress at a critical distance of 0.04 mm from the notch tip (σ θθ ) and for an arbitrary load of 100 N. Analogously, Equation 12, for the MS criterion and for the same arbitrary load of 100 N, includes the mean value of the tangential stress over the critical distance of 0.16 mm from the notch tip (σ θθ mean ).…”

“…They revealed that by adding nanoparticles to PMMA, the resulting mechanical properties could be improved considerably [10]. Kim et al [11] and Gandomkarzadeh et al [12] studied the fracture properties of bone cement materials by adding vancomycin. They measured the four-point bending strength, compressive strength, and fracture toughness of these materials [11,12].…”

“…Kim et al [11] and Gandomkarzadeh et al [12] studied the fracture properties of bone cement materials by adding vancomycin. They measured the four-point bending strength, compressive strength, and fracture toughness of these materials [11,12]. Likewise, Tavakoli et al [13] investigated the effect of adding the CS/Go optimized nanocomposite with different weight percentages to bone cement on mechanical properties of this material.…”

Preparation of bioactive and antibacterial PMMA-based bone cement by modification with quaternary ammonium and alkoxysilane

“…12 For this purpose, PMMA cements loaded with various antibiotics such as gentamicin and vancomycin have been developed and some of them have been already commercialized. 13 , 14 In order to extend the antibacterial spectra to resistant bacteria, viruses and so on, non-antibiotic PMMA cements have been recently developed. For example, antibacterial PMMA cements loaded with silver and gold nanoparticles have been proposed.…”