Evaluation of the Effect of Financial Factors on Shareholders’ Value of Listed Pharmaceutical Firms in Nigeria

Cyril, Ubesie Madubuko; Echobu, Onuh Jonathan; Chukwuemeka, Mbah Chris

doi:10.11648/j.ijfbr.20190505.11

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…The loop will continue until competition offsets the investment effect, as shown in Figure 3. The operating revenue from space travel will be the incremental investment influencing the equity premium and space travel pricing level [33]. The causality of the space travel pricing and the supplier's market value is then presented in Figure 3 [34,35].…”

Section: Space Travel Pricing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferencing Space Travel Pricing from Mathematics of General Relativity Theory, Accounting Equation, and Economic Functions

Peng,

Xue,

et al. 2024

Mathematics

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This study derives space travel pricing by Walrasian Equilibrium, which is logical reasoning from the general relativity theory (GRT), the accounting equation, and economic supply and demand functions. The Cobb–Douglas functions embed the endogenous space factor as new capital to form the space travel firm’s production function, which is also transformed into the consumer’s utility function. Thus, the market equilibrium occurs at the equivalence of supply and demand functions, like the GRT, which presents the equivalence between the spatial geometric tensor and the energy–momentum tensor, explaining the principles of gravity and the motion of space matter in the spacetime framework. The mathematical axiomatic set theory of the accounting equation explains the equity premium effect that causes a short-term accounting equation inequality, then reaches the equivalence by suppliers’ incremental equity through the closing accounts process of the accounting cycle. On the demand side, the consumption of space travel can be assumed as a value at risk (VaR) investment to attain the specific spacetime curvature in an expected orbit. Spacetime market equilibrium is then achieved to construct the space travel pricing model. The methodology of econophysics and the analogy method was applied to infer space travel pricing with the model of profit maximization, single-mindedness, and envy-free pricing in unit-demand markets. A case study with simulation was conducted for empirical verification of the mathematical models and algorithm. The results showed that space travel pricing remains associated with the principle of market equilibrium, but needs to be extended to the spacetime tensor of GRT.

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Section: Space Travel Pricing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferencing Space Travel Pricing from Mathematics of General Relativity Theory, Accounting Equation, and Economic Functions

Peng,

Xue,

et al. 2024

Mathematics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Inferencing Space Travel Pricing from Mathematics of General Relativity Theory and Accounting Equation

Peng,

Xue,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Generalized relativity theory represents the equivalence between the spatial geometric tensor and the energy-momentum tensor, explaining the principles of gravity and the motion of matter in spacetime. In the accounting equation of the supply side, assets equal to liabilities plus owner's equity can be used to explain space travel pricing through mathematical axiomatic set theory. Space travel pricing creates the equity premium effect on value-added assets with a short-term accounting equation inequality, then responds to the supplier’s incremental equity through closing accounts in a fixed financial period. On the demand side, the consumption of space travel can be assumed as a value at risk (VoR) investment to attain the specific spacetime curvature. Spacetime market equilibrium is then achieved to construct the space travel pricing model. The methodology of econophysics and analogy method were applied to infer the space travel pricing between the general relativity theory and the accounting equation. Results show that space travel pricing remains the principle of market equilibrium but needs to be extended to the spacetime scale.

show abstract

Evaluation of the Effect of Financial Factors on Shareholders’ Value of Listed Pharmaceutical Firms in Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Inferencing Space Travel Pricing from Mathematics of General Relativity Theory, Accounting Equation, and Economic Functions

Inferencing Space Travel Pricing from Mathematics of General Relativity Theory, Accounting Equation, and Economic Functions

Inferencing Space Travel Pricing from Mathematics of General Relativity Theory and Accounting Equation

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