Evaluation of the effectiveness of infrared light-emitting diode photobiomodulation in children with sleep bruxism

Abstract

Background:Sleep bruxism is a masticatory muscle activity characterized as rhythmic (phasic) or nonrhythmic (tonic). In children and adolescents, etiological factors, such as breathing pattern and sleep quality, have recently been addressed in studies investigating sleep bruxism. New therapies for adults, such as botulinum toxin, have been investigated, but such techniques are not applicable for individuals in the growth and development phase.Methods:The participants will be 76 children, which will be randomly allocated to a control group, that is group 1, absence of bruxism; group 2, children with bruxism treated with infrared light-emitting diode (LED); and group 3, bruxism treated with occlusal splint. All participants will be submitted to a clinical evaluation to evaluate muscle activity and salivary biomarkers, before and after treatments. Muscle activity will be verified by electromyography of muscles mastication, masseter and temporal, and salivary biomarkers observed will be cortisol and dopamine levels.Discussion:Photobiomodulation therapy has piqued the interest of researchers, as this noninvasive method has demonstrated positive results in problems related to muscle tissues. This document describes the protocol for a proposed study to evaluate morphological and psychosocial aspects in children and adolescents with awake bruxism and their responses to photobiomodulation therapy with infrared LED.Clinical trials:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03710174

New Technologies in Orthodontics: A Digital Workflow to Enhance Treatment Plan and Photobiomodulation to Expedite Clinical Outcomes

“…This spontaneous eruption was expedited by the administration of PBM, which is able to provoke an accelerated metabolic activity by increasing cellular turnover [13], increasing vascular activity [14,33,34], and the availability of ATP [15,35,36]. In this respect, PBM is a free-side effects procedure that has also been validated for several therapeutic applications in children [13,37,38].…”

The Effects of Photobiomodulation on MC3T3-E1 Cells via 630 nm and 810 nm Light-Emitting Diode

“…In recent years, LED had been widely used in other medical fields [19–21,47–51]. However, the light source of PBM in regulating osteoblasts was mainly focused on laser, and insufficient attention was paid to LED.…”

“…Although laser, emitting coherent light, and light-emitting diode (LED), emitting non-coherent light, were both the light source of PBM [18], laser was more often used in the previous study [5,10–17]. There were more and more studies on PBM using LED [19–21]. Many studies supported that LED had similar reactions with laser [13,16–18,22,23].…”

Immediate Evaluation of the Effect of Infrared LED Photobiomodulation on Childhood Sleep Bruxism: A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…Group 2 underwent the photobiomodulation treatment with initial and immediate post-treatment evaluations of salivary dopamine and electromyographic activity. For this purpose, an infrared LED device was used (Odontolux model, Cosmedical ® , Davie, FL, USA, https://www.cosmedical.com.br/odontollux accessed on 1 March 2018) (3 × 6 cm), using a board with 6 LEDs with a wavelength of: 850 nm ± 20 nm, optical spot of 5 ± 2 mm, with a dose of 2.675 J/cm 2 , and optical output of 2~5 mW [18]. The LED device was positioned in the temporal and masseter muscles.…”