Evaluation of the Effects of Fucoidans from Fucus Species and Laminaria hyperborea against Oxidative Stress and Iron-Dependent Cell Death

Abstract

Fucoidans are algal polysaccharides that exhibit protective properties against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate different fucoidans from brown seaweeds for their ability to protect against iron-dependent oxidative stress (ferroptosis), a main hallmark of retinal and brain diseases, including hemorrhage. We investigated five new high-molecular weight fucoidan extracts from Fucus vesiculosus, F. serratus, and F. distichus subsp. evanescens, a previously published Laminaria hyperborean extract, and commercially available extracts from F. vesiculosus and Undaria pinnatifida. We induced oxidative stress by glutathione depletion (erastin) and H2O2 in four retinal and neuronal cell lines as well as primary cortical neurons. Only extracts from F. serratus, F. distichus subsp. evanescens, and Laminaria hyperborea were partially protective against erastin-induced cell death in ARPE-19 and OMM-1 cells, while none of the extracts showed beneficial effects in neuronal cells. Protective fucoidans also attenuated the decrease in protein levels of the antioxidant enzyme GPX4, a key regulator of ferroptosis. This comprehensive analysis demonstrates that the antioxidant abilities of fucoidans may be cell type-specific, besides depending on the algal species and extraction method. Future studies are needed to further characterize the health-benefiting effects of fucoidans and to determine the exact mechanism underlying their antioxidative abilities.

Properties of Cephalopod Skin Ommochromes to Inhibit Free Radicals, and the Maillard Reaction and Retino-Protective Mechanisms in Cellular Models Concerning Oxidative Stress, Angiogenesis, and Inflammation

“…However, retinal pigment epithelial cells, especially when used in confluence, are highly resistant against oxidative stress and the high intrinsic activity in their protective oxidative stress pathways may hinder externally induced oxidative stress protection [ 31 , 70 , 71 ]. Indeed, similar results have been obtained with other antioxidant compounds such as fucoidan that only displayed modest effects on oxidative stress-induced cell death in ARPE-19 cells [ 65 , 66 , 72 ]. Therefore, the effect of ommochromes against erastin-induced cell death does indicate a protective potency of this compound.…”

“…ARPE-19 and OMM-1 are established cell models for the assessment of oxidative stress (H 2 O 2 ) and ferroptosis (erastin)-induced cell death [ 64 , 65 , 66 ]. The susceptibility toward these stressors differs between these cell lines [ 66 ].…”

“…ARPE-19 and OMM-1 are established cell models for the assessment of oxidative stress (H 2 O 2 ) and ferroptosis (erastin)-induced cell death [ 64 , 65 , 66 ]. The susceptibility toward these stressors differs between these cell lines [ 66 ]. We treated OMM-1 ( Figure 8 ) as well as ARPE-19 ( Figure 9 ) with 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL ommochrome extract to test for possible toxic effects as well as ommochrome extracts and 500 µM H 2 O 2 (OMM-1) or 250 µM H 2 O 2 (ARPE-19) to induce oxidative stress or 30 µM erastin (OMM-1) or 20 µM erastin (ARPE-19) to induce lipid peroxidation by ferroptosis.…”

The Regulatory Roles of Polysaccharides and Ferroptosis-Related Phytochemicals in Liver Diseases

“…Red ginseng polysaccharide and LBP exhibited anti-tumor efficacy by triggering ferroptosis [ 134 , 135 , 136 ]. Fucoidans, APS, and polysaccharide of atractylodes macrocephala Koidz could alleviate tissue injuries by inhibiting ferroptosis [ 137 , 138 , 139 ].…”

Bioinformatics analysis based on ferroptosis-related lncRNAs: construction of a clinical prognostic model for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and correlation analysis

“…These findings suggest that the occurrence of ferroptosis regulated by GCLC may be related to the chemotherapeutic drug resistance of tumor cells. Therefore, this paper takes GCLC-mediated ferroptosis as the entry point to study the role of GCLC-mediated ferroptosis in NP69/DDP resistance, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( 11 - 13 ). Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent lipid reactive oxygen species, which is different from apoptosis, cell necrosis, pyrosis and autophagy.…”