Evaluation of the effects of albendazole and metronidazole on the ultrastructure of Giardia duodenalis, trichomonas vaginalis and Spironucleus muris using transmission electron microscopy

Oxberry, M.E.; Thompson, R.C.A.; Reynoldson, J.A.

doi:10.1016/0020-7519(94)90123-6

Cited by 55 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Metronidazole and tinidazole were the two drugs of choice recommended by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of this STD (Helms et al, 2008). Although the cure rate was high, these drugs demonstrated treatment failure which was normally related to non-compliance because of side effects such as headache, dry mouth, metallic taste, glossitis, and urticaria caused by lengthy treatment or high doses (Garduño-Espinosa et al, 1992;Kapoor et al, 1999;Oxberry et al, 1994), or reinfection (Rocha et al, 2012). Moreover, an increasing number of metronidazole-resistant T. vaginalis isolates have been reported since metronidazole was introduced for the treatment of trichomoniasis in 1959 (Blaha et al, 2006;Butler et al, 2010;Durel et al, 1967;Narcisi & Secor, 1996;Schmid et al, 2001; Upcroft et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Trichomonas vaginalisproperties of the oil ofAmomum tsao-koand its major component, geraniol

Dai

Peng

et al. 2015

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Trichomonosis, caused by the flagellate protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) and 5-nitroimidazole drugs are used for the treatment. However, a growing number of T. vaginalis isolates are resistant to these drugs, which make it becomes an urgent issue. Objective: The current study was designed to evaluate the anti-T. vaginalis activity of the essential oil from A. tsao-ko used in traditional Chinese medicine and as a spice and its main component, geraniol. Materials and methods:The anti-T. vaginalis activities of A. tsao-ko essential oil and geraniol were evaluated by the minimum lethal concentration (MLC) and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) in vitro. The morphological changes of T. vaginalis were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, sub-MLC concentration treatment with sub-MLC A. tsao-ko essential oil and geraniol was also performed. Results: This study shows that MLC/IC 50 of A. tsao-ko essential oil was 44.97 mg/ml/22.49 mg/ml for T. vaginalis isolate Tv1, and 89.93 mg/ml/44.97 mg/ml for T. vaginalis isolate Tv2. Those of geraniol were 342.96 mg/ml/171.48 mg/ml, respectively. After A. tsao-ko essential oil or geraniol treatment, obvious similar morphological changes of T. vaginalis were observed by TEM: the nuclear membrane was damaged, nuclei were dissolved, and the chromatin was accumulated; in the cytoplasm, numerous vacuoles appeared, rough endoplasmic reticulum dilated, the number of ribosomes were reduced, organelles disintegrated, the cell membrane was partially damaged, with cytoplasmic leakage, and cell disintegration was observed. The action time did not increase the effect of A. tsao-ko essential oil or geraniol against T. vaginalis, as no significant difference was observed after sub-MLC concentration treatment for 1, 3, and 5 h with A. tsao-ko essential oil and geraniol. Discussion and conclusion: The study describes the first report on the activity and morphological changes of A. tsao-ko essential oil and geraniol against T. vaginalis. The results obtained herein presented new opportunities for antitrichomonal drugs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Trichomonas vaginalisproperties of the oil ofAmomum tsao-koand its major component, geraniol

Dai

Peng

et al. 2015

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…Their intermediate products, the reduced nitro-group forms, function as a short-lived cytotoxic effect, and the accumulation of these intermediates enhances the rate of entry of the chemical into the susceptible cells (Edwards 1980). Metronidazole also reduced the homogeneous material within the cytoplasm and caused misshapen trophozoites of S, muns, but did not affect the cytoskeleton (Oxberry et al 1994). Metronidazole at 5 ppm in water (Bassleer 1983, Gratzek 1983, Jenkins 1988 or at 10 mg in 1.0 g of food (Stoskopf 1988) is recommended for the treatment of intestinal flagellates in fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of benzimidazoles on parasites is different from nitroimidazole in that the target of benzimidazole is a structure called P-tubulin (Edlind et al 1990). Mebendazole has been shown to damage p-tubulin by distorting cell structures and rapidly disrupting the ventral disk and flagella of Giardia lamblia (Edlind et al 1990), while albendazole binding to the cytoskeletal proteins causes trophozoites of G. duodenalis to become swollen, misshapen with cytoplasmic dark granule materials and finally die (Oxberry et al 1994). Albendazole also increased glycogen granules and cytoplasmic vesicles and caused thickening of the parasite's cell coat with many invaginations (Oxberry et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies of chenlotherapeutic agents for this group of parasites have been evaluated using Hexamita sp., a parasite of salmonids (Yasutake et al 1961, McElwain 1968, Tojo & Santamarina 1998. Although there is a report of chemotherapeutic activity on Spironucleus rnuris, a parasite of the mouse intestine (Oxberry et al 1994), there are no published reports of chemotherapeutic efficacy on S. vortens of fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The benzimidazole anthelmintics is another group of chemotherapeutics that has been shown to be effective against intestinal protozoa such as Giardia lamblia (Edlind et al 1990, Bell et al 1993, G. duodenalis, Tn-chomonas vaginalis and Spironucleus muris (Oxberry et al 1994). Being less absorbable, albendazole a.nd mebendazole were 30 to 50 times more active than metronidazole (Edlind et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of various chemotherapeutic agents on the growth of Spironucleus vortens, an intestinal parasite of the freshwater angelfish

Sangmaneedet¹,

Smith²

1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Seven chemotherapeutic agents (dimetridazole, metronidazole, pyrimethamine, albendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole and magnesium sulfate) were examined for growth inhibition on the cultivation of Spironucleus vortens. Dimetndazole and metronidazole were effective in inhibiting the parasite's growth. At concentrations of 1 pg ml-' or higher, both dramatically decreased numbers of parasites. At 24 h exposure, 33 % of parasites were inhibited when exposed to dimetridazole or metronidazole at concentrations of 2 and 4 pg ml-l, respectively. Dimetridazole at 4 pg ml-l or higher concentrations decreased the number of organisms to 50":, or less after 48 h exposure. During the same period of time, the numbers of parasites decreased to 50% or less when exposed to metronidazole at 6 pg ml-' or higher. Pyrimethamine at concentrations of 1 to 10 pg ml-' was not effective in inhibiting the parasite's growth. Albendazole and fenbendazole at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 pg ml-' were similar in inhibiting the growth of the organism. Both compounds suppressed parasite growth at concentrations of 1.0 1-19 ml-' or higher after 24 h exposure. Mebendazole inhibited the parasite's growth at concentrations of 0.5 pg rn' or higher. At 72 h exposure. 45 to 50'',, of the parasites were inhibited when exposed to mebendazole at concentrations higher than 0.5 pg ml-' Magnesium sulfate at concentrations of 70 mg ml-' or higher also suppressed the growth of parasites after 24 h exposure. These results indicate that dimetridazole, metronidazole and mebendazole are the most effective chemotherapeutic agents in vitro at inhibiting the growth of S vortens.

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Enteric Protozoans:Giardiaand Giardiasis

Olson¹,

Buret²

2001

Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals

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Evaluation of the effects of albendazole and metronidazole on the ultrastructure of Giardia duodenalis, trichomonas vaginalis and Spironucleus muris using transmission electron microscopy

Cited by 55 publications

References 13 publications

Anti-Trichomonas vaginalisproperties of the oil ofAmomum tsao-koand its major component, geraniol

Anti-Trichomonas vaginalisproperties of the oil ofAmomum tsao-koand its major component, geraniol

Efficacy of various chemotherapeutic agents on the growth of Spironucleus vortens, an intestinal parasite of the freshwater angelfish

Enteric Protozoans:Giardiaand Giardiasis

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