Evaluation of the Effects of Carbon 60 Nanoparticle Exposure to Adult Zebrafish: A Behavioral and Biochemical Approach to Elucidate the Mechanism of Toxicity

Sarasamma, Sreeja; Audira, Gilbert; Juniardi, Stevhen; Sampurna, Bonifasius Putera; Lai, Yu‐Heng; Hao, Erhong; Chen, Jung–Ren; Hsiao, Chung-Der

doi:10.3390/ijms19123853

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…A special designed chamber equipped with infrared camera by following the method described in previous publication conducted the circadian rhythm [70]. The color preference test was conducted by a special designed device by following the method described in previous publication [71]. The short-term memory was tested by using the passive avoidance method described in our previous published paper [70].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish Carrying pycr1 Gene Deficiency Display Aging and Multiple Behavioral Abnormalities

Liang

Audira

Juniardi

et al. 2019

Cells

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Aging is a natural process that internal gene control and external stimuli mediate. Clinical data pointed out that homozygotic or heterozygotic mutation in the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) gene in humans caused cutis laxa (ARCL) disease, with progeroid appearance, lax and wrinkled skin, joint laxity, osteopenia, and mental retardation phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to generate pycr1 knockout (KO) zebrafish and carried out biochemical characterizations and behavior analyses. Marked apoptosis and senescence were detected in pycr1 KO zebrafish, which started from embryos/larvae stage. Biochemical assays showed that adult pycr1 KO fish have significantly reduced proline and extracellular matrix contents, lowered energy, and diminished superoxide dismutase (SOD) and telomerase activity when compared to the wild type fish, which suggested the pycr1 KO fish may have dysfunction in mitochondria. The pycr1 KO fish were viable; however, displayed progeria-like phenotype from the 4 months old and reach 50% mortality around six months old. In adult stage, we found that pycr1 KO fish showed reduced locomotion activity, aggression, predator avoidance, social interaction interest, as well as dysregulated color preference and circadian rhythm. In summary, we have identified multiple behavioral alterations in a novel fish model for aging with pycr1 gene loss-of-function by behavioral tests. This animal model may not only provide a unique vertebrate model to screen potential anti-aging drugs in the future, but also be an excellent in vivo model towards a better understanding of the corresponding behavioral alterations that accompany aging.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish Carrying pycr1 Gene Deficiency Display Aging and Multiple Behavioral Abnormalities

Liang

Audira

Juniardi

et al. 2019

Cells

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“…The predator avoidance is an innate behavior of zebrafish when it engages its predator. To test whether chronic exposure to PBZ can alter such innate behavior, we placed the predator fish convict cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) into a tank separated into two parts by using a transparent separator [ 26 ]. The test zebrafish swum away from the separator was considered as predator avoidance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterborne Exposure of Paclobutrazol at Environmental Relevant Concentration Induce Locomotion Hyperactivity in Larvae and Anxiolytic Exploratory Behavior in Adult Zebrafish

Hussain

Audira

Siregar

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The available arable land is unable to fulfill the food production need of rapidly the exponentially growing human population in the world. Pesticides are one of those different measures taken to meet this demand. As a plant growth regulator to block gibberellin, paclobutrazol (PBZ) is used excessively throughout the world to promote early fruit setting, and to increase seed setting which might be harmful because PBZ is a very stable compound; therefore, it can bioaccumulate into the food chain of an ecosystem. In the present study, we discovered unexpected effects of PBZ on zebrafish larvae and adult behaviors by challenging them with low dose exposure. Zebrafish larvae aged 4 days post-fertilization (dpf) were exposed for 24 h at 10 µg/L (0.01 ppm) and 100 µg/L (0.1 ppm) of PBZ, respectively, and adults were incubated at 100 µg/L (0.1 ppm) and 1000 µg/L (1 ppm) concentrations of PBZ, respectively, for fourteen days. After incubation, the locomotor activity, burst, and rotation movement for the larvae; and multiple behavioral tests such as novel tank exploration, mirror biting, shoaling, predator avoidance, and social interaction for adult zebrafish were evaluated. Brain tissues of the adult fish were dissected and subjected to biochemical analyses of the antioxidant response, oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and neurotransmitter levels. Zebrafish larvae exposed to PBZ exhibited locomotion hyperactivity with a high burst movement and swimming pattern. In adult zebrafish, PBZ resulted in anxiolytic exploratory behavior, while no significant results were found in social interaction, shoal making, and predator avoidance behaviors. Interestingly, high dose PBZ exposure significantly compromised the innate aggressive behavior of the adult fish. Biochemical assays for oxidative stress, antioxidant response, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed significant reductions in their relative contents. In conclusion, for the first time, our behavior assays revealed that chronic PBZ exposure induced behavioral alterations in both larvae and the adult zebrafish. Because PBZ is a widely-used plant growth regulator, we suggest that it is necessary to conduct more thorough tests for its biosafety and bioaccumulation.

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“…In another in vivo study conducted by Sarasamma et al [53], where C60 was exposed waterborne to adult zebrafish for 12 days at 1 and 2 ppm concentrations, respectively, and fish's behavioral alterations were measured by phenomic approach. The results showed that locomotion, novel tank exploration, aggression, shoaling, and color preference activities were significantly reduced.…”

Section: Fullerene Biological Interaction Bioavailability Toxicity mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update Report on the Biosafety and Potential Toxicity of Fullerene-Based Nanomaterials toward Aquatic Animals

Malhotra¹,

Ger²,

Castillo³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Fullerene molecules are composed of carbon in forms of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. Fullerenes have attracted considerable attention in different fields of science since their discovery in 1985. The unique carbon cage structure of fullerene provides immense scope for derivatization, rendering potential for various industrial applications. The prospective applications of fullerenes thus have led to assorted fullerene derivatives. The unique chemical structure also provides ease for fullerene to be synthesized through various kinds of conjugating techniques, where fullerene can be located either on the backbone or the branch chain. Here in this review, we have compiled the toxicity and biosafety aspects of fullerene in aquatic organisms. The frequent use of fullerene is likely to come in contact and interact with the aquatic environment and aquatic organisms. According to the current understanding, waterborne exposure to fullerene-based nanomaterials indeed triggers toxicities at cellular, organic, molecular as well as neurobehavioral levels.

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Evaluation of the Effects of Carbon 60 Nanoparticle Exposure to Adult Zebrafish: A Behavioral and Biochemical Approach to Elucidate the Mechanism of Toxicity

Cited by 27 publications

References 65 publications

Zebrafish Carrying pycr1 Gene Deficiency Display Aging and Multiple Behavioral Abnormalities

Zebrafish Carrying pycr1 Gene Deficiency Display Aging and Multiple Behavioral Abnormalities

Waterborne Exposure of Paclobutrazol at Environmental Relevant Concentration Induce Locomotion Hyperactivity in Larvae and Anxiolytic Exploratory Behavior in Adult Zebrafish

An Update Report on the Biosafety and Potential Toxicity of Fullerene-Based Nanomaterials toward Aquatic Animals

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