Evaluation of the Effects of Cuminum cyminum on Cellular Viability, Osteogenic Differentiation and Mineralization of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Cuminum cyminum L. has long been used in the treatment of various diseases in multiple geographical regions. This study was performed to determine the effects of C. cyminum methanolic extract (CCT) on the cellular viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells. Materials and Methods: Bone marrow-derived stem cells were cultured in the presence of CCT at concentrations of 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/mL. Evaluations of cell morphology were performed on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. Cellular viability was evaluated on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. On the 7th and 14th day, alkaline phosphatase activity measurements and Alizarin red S staining were conducted to assess the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. A real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression levels of RUNX2, BSP, OCN, COL2A1 and β-catenin mRNAs. Results: Stem cells in the control group showed fibroblast-like morphology and the addition of CCT at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/mL did not generate noticeable changes in morphology compared with the untreated control group. The application of CCT did not produce significant changes in cellular viability or alkaline phosphatase activity compared with controls. Alizarin Red S staining was significantly increased with the application of CCT. Treatment with CCT increased the expressions of RUNX2, BSP and OCN. Conclusions: These results indicate that CCT enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells derived from bone marrow by regulating the expressions of RUNX2, BSP and OCN. Thus, the use of CCT may be applied to achieve beneficial effects on the mineralization of stem cells.

Vitamin D Enhanced the Osteogenic Differentiation of Cell Spheroids Composed of Bone Marrow Stem Cells

“…RUNX2 is known as a major transcription factor for osteoblasts, and has been widely used for the evaluation of osteogenic differentiation including stem cell spheroids [14,43]. BSP was suggested to be the early marker for osteogenic differentiation of stem cells [44]. The OCN gene encodes protein secreted by osteoblasts that regulates bone remodeling [45].…”

Effects of noni on cellular viability and osteogenic differentiation of gingiva‑derived stem cells demonstrated by RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR

“…BSP is involved in the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro ( 46 ). Similarly, OCN is considered a differentiation marker for osteogenic differentiation of stem cells ( 47 ). COL1A1 is an early marker of osteogenic differentiation and its expression increases during transformation of osteogenic progenitor cells to osteoblasts ( 48 ).…”

Effects of Connective Tissue Growth Factor on the Cell Viability, Proliferation, Osteogenic Capacity and mRNA Expression of Stem Cell Spheroids

“…BSP is highly expressed in bone and is reported to play a functional role in bone formation [33]. OCN is reported to be a bone-specific marker and is associated with the maturation of osteogenesis [34]. The expression of OCN is indicator of maturation of extracellular matrix [35].…”